学龄前儿童反复呼吸道感染的基础疾病谱及危险因素  

Underlying diseases spectrum and risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection in preschool children

作　　者：黄娟[1] 王桂兰 刘翔腾[1] 陈昂[1] 黄建梅[1] 容嘉妍[1] 林嘉镖[1] 王冰洁[1] HUANG Juan;WANG Gui-lan;LIU Xiang-teng;CHEN Ang;HUANG Jian-mei;RONG Jia-yan;LIN Jia-biao;WANG Bing-jie(Department of Pediatrics,Boai Hospital of Zhongshan,Zhongshan 528400,China;The Second Clinical College,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510280,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省中山市博爱医院儿科,中山市528400 [2]南方医科大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市510280

出　　处：《广西医学》2021年第1期84-88,共5页Guangxi Medical Journal

基　　金：广东省中山市社会公益科技研究专项(2017B1012)。

摘　　要：目的探讨学龄前儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)的基础疾病谱及影响因素。方法纳入400例学龄前RRTI患儿(研究组)及400例普通呼吸道感染学龄前患儿(对照组)。总结RRTI患儿的感染部位分布和基础疾病谱。对两组患儿家属进行问卷调查,采用Logistic回归模型分析学龄前儿童反复发生呼吸道感染的危险因素。结果(1)400例学龄前RRTI患儿中,反复上呼吸道感染患儿232例,反复下呼吸道感染患儿168例。0~3岁儿童反复下呼吸道感染发生率高,而>3~6岁患儿反复上呼吸道感染发生率更高(P<0.05)。(2)共268例RRTI患儿接受基础疾病相关检查,其中99例有明确基础疾病。反复上呼吸道感染患儿最常见的基础疾病是扁桃体肿大和腺样体肥大,反复下呼吸道感染患儿中常见的基础疾病为先天气道发育异常和同种病原微生物感染。(3)被动吸烟、入托、早产、过敏性疾病、营养不良是学龄前儿童反复发生呼吸道感染的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童反复发生呼吸道感染与被动吸烟、入托、早产、过敏体质、营养不良等因素密切相关,重视病因分析是诊治RRTI的关键。Objective To explore the underlying diseases spectrum and influencing factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRTI)in preschool children.Methods Four hundred preschool children with RRTI(study group)and 400 preschool children with common respiratory tract infection(control group)were enrolled.The distribution of infection sites and underlying diseases of RRTI children were summarized.A questionnaire survey was conducted in the children′s family members of both groups,and the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for recurrently suffering from respiratory tract infection in preschool children.Results(1)Among 400 preschool children with RRTI,232 children were diagnosed as recurrent upper respiratory tract infection and 168 children as recurrent lower respiratory tract infection.Children aged 0-3 years obtained a higher incidence rate of recurrent lower respiratory tract infection,while children aged>3-6 years had a higher incidence rate of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection(P<0.05).(2)Totally 268 RRTI children received underlying diseases related examinations,and underlying diseases were confirmed in 99 children.Antiadoncus and adenoid hypertrophy were the most common underlying diseases in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection,and congenital airway dysplasia and homologous microbial infections were common underlying diseases in children with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection.(3)Passive smoking,nursery,premature delivery,allergic diseases,and malnutrition were the risk factors for recurrently suffering from respiratory tract infection in preschool children(all P<0.05).Conclusion For preschool children,recurrently suffering from respiratory tract infection is closely related to passive smoking,nursery,premature delivery,allergy diathesis,and malnutrition.Meanwhile,attention to etiology analysis is a key to diagnosis and treatment of RRTI.

关 键 词：反复呼吸道感染 危险因素 基础疾病 学龄前儿童 

分 类 号：R562.11[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R562.21[医药卫生—内科学]