美国国防采办中的需求生成机制  

Requirement Generation Mechanism in Defense Acquisition Process

作　　者：宗凯彬 张承龙 薛晨曦 ZONG Kai-bin;ZHANG Cheng-long;XUE Chen-xi(Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]北京电子工程总体研究所,北京100854

出　　处：《现代防御技术》2021年第1期18-26,31,共10页Modern Defence Technology

摘　　要：随着国防领域发展的不断成熟,需求生成在国防采办过程中的重要性正在迅速提升,通过对顶层需求展开规划论证,实现对未来发展的有效牵引。由于国防采办属于典型的复杂巨系统,其涉及的流程环节众多、参与部门广泛,因此必须采用系统工程理论,通过构建一套结构完整、步骤清晰的方法论对其进行指导,才能确保国防采办过程的顺利实施。为了有效开展需求生成工作,美军构建了联合能力集成与开发系统,通过定义一系列明确、可执行的操作步骤,理清了需求生成的方法流程,实现了国防采办体制由“基于威胁”向“基于能力”的有效转变。对美国国防采办中的需求生成机制进行详细阐述,重点关注其系统组成和运转流程,以期掌握需求生成过程的核心方法,并为相关工作开展提供有效借鉴。With the mature of the national defense field,the importance of requirement generation is rapidly increasing.By demonstrating the top-level requirements,the effective traction for future development is achieved.As national defense acquisition is a typical complex system,which involves many processes and participates,it is necessary to propose an effective method based on system engineering theory,in order to guide the acquisition process and lead to a successful result.For implementing the requirement generation,the Joint Capability Integration and Development System(JCIDS)has been constructed.By defining a set of unambiguous and executable steps,the framework of requirement generation has been clarified,which transfers the defense acquisition from“threat-based”model to the“capability-based”model.Therefore,elaborating the requirement generation mechanism in defense acquisition is focused,especially for its compositions and operation process,in order to comprehend essentials of the defense acquisition and provide a reference for the related work.

关 键 词：国防采办 系统工程 需求生成 联合能力集成与开发系统 基于能力的系统 

分 类 号：TJ01[兵器科学与技术—兵器发射理论与技术] E917[军事]