宋代官药局药材来源考  

Research on the Medicinal Materials Sources of the Official Pharmacies in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：刘辉 LIU Hui(Lingling District Cultural Relics Protection Center,Yongzhou 425000,China)

机构地区：[1]永州零陵区文物保护中心,永州425000

出　　处：《中医药文化》2021年第1期50-61,共12页Chinese Medical Culture

摘　　要：宋代官药局作为国家开设经营的大型药品销售机构,在其经营过程中取得了一定的经济和社会效益。官药局每年会有大量的药材、药品支出,为满足官药局经营的药材需求,宋政府每年需要收集购买大量药材。官药局药材来源可分为宋王朝的内部来源和外部来源,前者包括每年地方上交官方的土贡、官方自营的药园及官方出资采购等渠道;后者主要是其他政权的朝贡与边境贸易等渠道,北宋时期以上各种渠道都有使用,南宋则以官方出资采购为主。地方官药局所需药材北宋都是由中央官药局提供,南宋主要是中央官药局提供和自行采购两种途径。As the large-scale drug sales organizations established and operated by the state,the official pharmacies of the Song dynasty achieved economic and social benefits in their operation.As the pharmacies spent a large amount of medicinal materials and drugs every year,the government needed to collect and buy a great quantity of medicinal materials to meet their demands.The sources of medicinal materials can be divided into domestic sources and foreign sources.The former includes annual local tributes to the government,government-owned medicinal gardens and government-funded procurement;the latter includes the tributes from other regimes and border trade.All channels played their roles in the Northern Song dynasty,while government-funded procurement was the main source in the Southern Song dynasty.In addition,in the Northern Song dynasty,the medicinal materials of local official pharmacies were all from central official pharmacy.While in the Southern Song dynasty,apart from the medicinal materials provided by central official pharmacy,local official pharmacies needed to purchase the materials by themselves.

关 键 词：宋代 官药局 药材 中药 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]