公众舆论对清政府应对边疆危机的冲击与挑战——以片马事件为中心的讨论  

The Challenge and Impact of the Public Opinion on the Qing Government's Response to the Frontier Crisis:The Case of the Pianma Incident

作　　者：曾黎梅[1] ZENG Limei(Institute of History and Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, Kunming 650034, China)

机构地区：[1]云南省社会科学院历史、文献研究所,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期126-134,共9页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项项目“元代至民国时期中国西南边防演变与国家安全研究”(18VJX105)阶段成果。

摘　　要：近代以来报刊媒介的迅速发展,促进了大规模公众舆论的形成,对清政府应对边疆危机带来了冲击和挑战。为应对边疆危机事件的舆论影响,清政府逐步出台专门的法律法规,对涉及内政、外交和军事的相关内容进行管控。但在这一过程中,清政府的信息治理体系仍然存在诸多问题和不足。以1910年英兵侵占片马为例,消息传出后,《申报》《大公报》等报刊分别从时空维度、中央政府与地方政府的应对、民众的参与等方面,对事件进行全面分析和追踪报道,构成了“片马事件”的叙事要素,扩大了片马事件的社会影响。为消解舆论压力,清政府采取了诸如严控信息源、禁止报刊登载片马交涉信息以及取缔民众抵制英货活动等防堵措施。然而,注重“防堵”忽略“疏导”,使最终的效果适得其反。The rapid development of the newspapers and periodicals in early modern times promoted the formation of a widely spread public opinion,which brought a shock and challenge to the Qing government's response to the frontier crisis.In order to cope with the impact of the public opinion on the border crisis,the Qing government gradually issued special laws and regulations to control the relevant contents involving domestic affairs,diplomatic and military affairs.However,the information control system of the Qing government still had many problems and weaknesses.When the invasion of Pianma by British troops in 1910 occurred,newspapers and periodicals such as Shen Bao and Ta Kung Pao comprehensively analyzed and gave follow-up reports on the event from the perspective of the temporal-spatial dimension,the response of the Central Government and the local governments as well as the involvement of the citizens,which constituted the narrative elements of the Pianma Incident and enhanced its social influence.In order to relieve the pressure of the public opinion,the Qing government took such preventive measures as a strict control of the information sources,no newspaper reports on the Pianma Incident,and no boycott of the British goods.However,more preventive measures than rational guidance finally ran counter to the Qing government's desire.

关 键 词：公众舆论 片马事件 边疆危机 冲击与挑战 清政府 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—中国史]