《民法典》时代个人信息权的国家保护义务  

State Protection Obligation of Personal Information Right in the Era of Civil Code

作　　者：赵宏 ZHAO Hong(不详)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2021年第1期1-20,共20页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队项目。

摘　　要：《民法典》虽未对个人信息予以权利化处理,但却在私法保护之外,纳入了公法保护,由此将个人信息保护提升至全新高度。个人信息的公法保护框架可具体拆分为国家的消极义务和积极义务两个方面,前者在于防堵国家对于个人信息的无限度收集和不当使用;后者揭示在个人面对与其地位不对等的信息控制者时,国家需承担的介入和保护义务。上述双重义务框架在《个人信息保护法(草案)》中已初现端倪,《个人信息保护法(草案)》也在吸纳欧盟经验的基础上,广泛纳入了公权机关在信息保护中的责任,但该草案的规定还相对粗糙,在上述双重义务构架下,个人信息的公法保护如何展开,还需借助数据法的原理和域外数据立法与实践进行细致讨论。Although the Civil Code does not treat personal information as rights,it has been incorporated into the protection of public law in addition to the protection of private law,thus promoting the protection of personal information to a new height.The public law protection framework of personal information can be divided into two aspects:the negative obligation and the positive obligation of the state.The former is to prevent the unlimited collection and improper use of personal information by the state,while the latter reveals the intervention and protection obligations of the state when facing the information controller whose status is not equal.The above-mentioned dual obligation framework has already appeared in the draft of the personal information protection law.On the basis of absorbing the experience of EU,the Personal Information Protection Law(Draft)has widely incorporated the responsibilities of public authorities in information protection.However,the provisions of the draft are relatively rough.Under the framework of the above-mentioned dual obligations,how to carry out the public law Protection of personal information still needs to rely on The principle of data law and the legislation and practice of foreign data are discussed in detail.

关 键 词：个人信息权 个人信息的公法保护 国家的消极义务 国家的积极义务 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]