论独立保函不当拒付损害赔偿:以中国银行与UBAF独立保函纠纷案为中心  

Damages for Independent Guarantee Wrongful Dishonor:Perspective from Bank of China v.UBAF

作　　者：王金根 WANG Jingen(不详)

机构地区：[1]泉州师范学院陈守仁商学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2021年第1期90-108,共19页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“独立担保制度的本土体系构建研究”(项目批准号:19BFX124)。

摘　　要：保函生效后,若受益人交单相符,保函开立人必须支付受益人;若交单不符,保函开立人必须发出拒付通知。否则,保函开立人构成不当拒付,应对受益人承担不当拒付损害赔偿责任,除非受益人存在保函欺诈。URDG758并不具有国际商事惯例效力,独立保函中约定非单据性生效条件时,法院无从根据URDG758非单据性条件不予置理规则认定保函一经开立即生效。保函欺诈并非单据表面不符,开立人无须遵守拒付通知5个工作日期限限制。保函编号错误并非不符,开立人不得凭此拒付。受益人提交虚假单据索款显然构成欺诈,但在没有构成实质性欺诈的情况下开立人是否有权终止支付,不无疑问。一旦开立人不当拒付,其不仅应赔偿受益人保函索款金额本身,而且应赔偿相应利息甚至受益人因此而遭受的律师费损失。但此损害赔偿理应受保函独立性原则限制。最高人民法院所判决的"中国银行与UBAF独立保函纠纷案"完整地呈现了保函不当拒付损害赔偿争议,但判决说理个别地方仍有改进余地。When documents are presented to the issuer under an effective independent guarantee,the issuer must either pay the beneficiary or give a notice of refusal.Otherwise the issuer shall be liable for its wrongful dishonor,unless there is an independent guarantee fraud.URDG758 is not considered as an international commercial customs in China.When there is a non-documentary inoperative condition in the independent guarantee,such guarantee cannot be considered as taking into effect once it is issued.Because the disregard rule in URDG758 may not be applied since the application clause of URDG is not operative yet.Fraud is not a discrepancy,therefore the preclusion rule will not be triggered due to the issuer’s failure to give a notice of such"discrepancy"in 5 business days.Also the issuer may not refuse to pay based on the wrong guarantee number.If the beneficiary’s fraud is not material,it is questionable whether the issuer of the independent guarantee may still stop its payment.If the issuer commits a wrongful refusal,it must not only compensate the face amount refused but also its interest,even the attorney’s fees the beneficiary may have suffered arising out of the issuer’s wrongful refusal.But the compensation for wrongful refusal shall be limited by the principle of independence."Bank of China v.UBAF"held by the Supreme People’s Court has illustrated the disputes over the damages for independent guarantee wrongful refusal,although the court’s reasoning is improvable.

关 键 词：非单据性生效条件 拒付通知 保函欺诈 不当拒付损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D997.3[政治法律—国际法学]