减氮对辽粳5号/秋田小町RIL群体茎秆维管束、穗部和产量性状的影响及其相互关系  

Effects of nitrogen reduction on stem vascular bundles,panicle and yield characters of RIL populations in Liaojing 5/Akitakaomaqi and their correlation

作　　者：程艳双 胡美艳 杜志敏[1] 闫秉春 李丽 王祎玮 鞠晓堂 孙丽丽 徐海[1] CHENG Yan-Shuang;HU Mei-Yan;DU Zhi-Min;YAN Bing-Chun;LI Li;WANG Yi-Wei;JU Xiao-Tang;SUN Li-Li;XU Hai(Institute of Rice Research,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Genetics and Breeding of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业农村部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《作物学报》2021年第5期964-973,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100502);辽宁省科技重大专项项目(2019JH1/10200001);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-11)资助。

摘　　要：以辽宁稻区典型的直立穗型品种辽粳5号与日本典型的优质米品种秋田小町杂交构建的重组自交系群体(recombination inbred lines, RIL)为试材,在高氮和低氮2种施肥模式下种植,调查RIL群体茎秆维管束、穗部和产量性状,分析减氮对三者的影响及其相互关系,探讨在减少氮肥施用量的同时维持产量稳定的可能途径。研究结果表明,不同施氮模式下,RIL群体的茎秆维管束性状、穗部及产量性状均呈现连续变异,符合多基因控制的数量性状遗传特点。氮肥减施后, RIL群体水稻的单茎穗颈和倒二节间维管束数目、单株穗颈和倒二节间维管束面积减少,一次枝梗数减少,一次和二次枝梗结实率、总体结实率和千粒重增加,单穗重增加,穗数减少,产量降低。茎秆维管束性状与穗部和产量性状关系密切,单茎维管束性状与穗颈粗、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗粒数、着粒密度、千粒重和单穗重大多呈显著至极显著的正相关,单株维管束面积与穗数和产量呈极显著正相关。氮肥减施后,RIL群体中不减产类型株系的主要特征是:低氮条件下仍能维持稳定的分蘖和茎秆维管束的分化,保证穗数和穗颈粗稳定,单茎穗颈和倒二节大、小维管束数目、单茎倒二节大维管束面积和单株倒二节大维管束面积无显著变化,一次枝梗数变化不显著。在减施氮肥的条件下,选用茎秆维管束发达,穗数和穗颈粗稳定的水稻品种,有可能实现减氮不减产的目标。The recombinant inbred lines(RILs)population constructed by crossing between Liaojing 5(a typical erect panicle type rice variety in Liaoning)and Akitakaomaqi(a good quality rice variety in Japan)were used as experimental materials and planted under high nitrogen and low nitrogen fertilization mode.In order to explore the possible ways to maintain stable yield while reducing the amount of nitrogen application,we investigated the stem vascular,panicle and yield traits of the RIL population and analyzed the effects of nitrogen reduction on them and their correlation.The results showed that the traits of stem vascular bundle,spike and yield of RIL population showed continuous variation under two different fertilization models,which was consistent with the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.The number of vascular bundles of panicle neck and penultimate internode in a stem,the area of vascular bundles of panicle neck and penultimate internode in a plant were decreased,the number of primary branches decreased,the seed setting rate of primary and secondary branches,the total seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight increased,the weight of single panicle increased,the number of panicle decreased,and the yield was decreased after nitrogen fertilizer reduction.The traits of vascular bundle in stem were closely related to the traits of panicle and yield.The traits of vascular bundle in single stem were positively correlated with the thickness of panicle neck,number of primary branches,number of secondary branches,number of panicle grains,kernel density,1000-seed weight,and the number of panicles.The area of vascular bundle per plant was positively correlated with the number of panicles and yield.After nitrogen decrease treatment,the main characteristics of no reduction yield type in RIL populations were as follows:under the condition of low nitrogen,there was a stable differentiation of tiller and stem vascular bundle,ensuring the stable number of panicles and neck diameter;there was

关 键 词：减氮 茎秆维管束性状 穗部性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]