论社会体育活动中组织者的相应补充责任——兼谈《民法典》第1176条和第1198条之适用  

The Corresponding Supplementary Responsibility of Organizers in the Social Sports Activities ——On the Application of Articles 1176 and 1198 of the Civil Code

作　　者：王国飞 WANG Guofei(School of Law&Business,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学法商学院,武汉430205

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2021年第1期23-31,共9页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CFX065);教育部人文社会科学研究基金青年项目(19YJC820054)。

摘　　要：体育活动组织者履行合理安全保障义务,这种义务并非"法定监护人"义务,应遵循最小防范成本原则,不能限制社会体育活动的发展;组织者未尽安全保障义务可从具有期待可能性、达到一定过错、具有违法性3个方面进行判断。组织者的相应补充责任具有非完全补充性、责任类型独立、不可追偿性的特点,实质是不作为责任,可从参与者遭受损害客观存在、组织者存在过错或违法行为,以及组织者的过错或违法行为和参与者遭受损害存在因果关系方面认定。《民法典》第1176、1198条具有确立司法裁判规则、确立相关主体行为准则、协调行为自由和文体活动发展的功能,也是社会体育活动组织者的抗辩事由、责任分配规则。但是,应对2条规定中的组织者范围作缩小解释,对组织者的"相应补充责任"作全面理解,对组织者"追偿权"行使进行限制。The organizer in the social sports activities is responsible for reasonable security, a type of obligation which is not the one of "legal guardian" and shall follow the principle of minimum prevention cost and shall not restrict the development of social sports activities.The organizer breaching security obligations can be judged from the following three aspects: the possibility of expectation, the certain fault and the illegality.The corresponding supplementary liability of the organizers has the characteristics of incomplete complementary, independent type of responsibility and non-recoverable, the essence of which is a liability for omission.It can be determined from the aspects of the objective existence of the damage suffered by the participant, the fault or illegal act of the organizers, and the causal relationship between the fault or illegal act of the organizers and the damage suffered by the participants.Articles 1176 and 1198 of the Civil Code have the functions of establishing the rule of justice, establishing the code of conduct of relevant subjects, coordinating the freedom of conduct and the development of recreational and sports activities, and are also the defense grounds and responsibility distribution rules for the organizers of social sports activities.However, the scope of organizers should be interpreted in a narrower way, the "the corresponding supplementary liability" of organizers should be fully understood, and the exercise of the "right of recourse" of organizers should be restricted in the two provisions.

关 键 词：社会体育活动 组织者 相应补充责任 《民法典》 

分 类 号：D912.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]