无偿献血时脂肪血的产生因素调查及预防干预措施  

Causes and preventive measures of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors

作　　者：赵雪莲 刘海涛 ZHAO Xuelian;LIU Haitao(Jingmen Red Cross Center Blood Station,Jingmen 448000,China)

机构地区：[1]荆门市红十字中心血站,湖北荆门448000

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2021年第2期180-182,共3页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的分析无偿献血中脂肪血的产生影响因素及预防对策。方法回顾分析2018年1月~2020年6月荆门市红十字中心血站12 000名无偿献血者的献血资料,调查脂肪血产生情况,统计脂肪血报废率,分析脂肪血产生原因,制定预防处理措施。结果 12 000份无偿献血标本,脂肪血384份,占3.20%;其中轻度脂肪血181份,中度脂肪血148份,重度脂肪血55份。男性脂肪血发生率4.22%高于女性占比1.52%,26~35、36~45岁人群脂肪血检出率为4.75%,高于18~25岁人群脂肪血检出率0.62%,体质量指数<18.5 kg/m2人群脂肪血检出率最低,体质量指数(18.5~24.9)kg/m2、>30 kg/m2人群脂肪血检出率其次(P<0.05)。首次献血者脂肪血发生率4.38%高于再次献血的2.31%,13∶00~17∶00时间段脂肪血发生率3.54%高于9∶00~12∶00的2.73%,团体献血脂肪血检出率4.01%高于街头献血的1.56%(P<0.05)。中度组、重度组脂肪血制备即刻、制备7 d后红细胞游离血红蛋白高于轻度组(P<0.05)。结论无偿献血中脂肪血产生存在显著倾向性,存在一定的脂肪血报废情况。加强无偿献血知识的宣传普及,注重献血前健康征询,合理饮食,降低脂肪血报废率,提高血液利用率。Objective To analyze the causes and preventive measures of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors.Methods Data of 12 000 voluntary blood donors donated at our blood station from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence, discarding rate and causes of lipemic blood were investigated, and preventive measures were formulated.Results 384(3.20%) out of the 12 000 blood samples were lipemic blood, while mild, moderate and severe lipemic blood constituted 181, 148 and 55 cases, respectively. The incidence of lipoemia in males(4.22%) was higher than that in females(1.52%). The incidence of lipoemia in 26~45 and 36~45 age population was 4.75%, which was higher than that in 18~25 age group(0.62%). The incidence of lipoemia was the lowest in donors with mass index(kg/m2) <18.5, followed by 18.5~24.9 and >30(P<0.05). The incidence of lipemic blood among first-time blood donors(4.38%) was higher than that in repeated donors(2.31%), higher in blood donation collected during 13:00 to 17:00(3.54%) than 9:00 to 12:00 a.m.(2.73%), also higher in group blood donors(4.01%) than street blood donors(1.56%)(P<0.05).The free Hb of red blood cells in moderate and severe group was higher than that in mild group immediate after preparation and 7 days after preparation(P<0.05). Conclusion There was a significant tendency for the incidence of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors, which causes blood discarding. The publicity of blood donation, pre-donation consultation and advice on reasonable diet should be boosted to reduce the discarding rate of lipemic blood and improve the use of blood.

关 键 词：无偿献血 脂肪血 报废 预防处理 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]