汉律体系新论——以益阳兔子山遗址所出汉律律名木牍为中心  

New Discussion on the Law System of the Han Dynasty—Centered on Inscribed Wooden Tablets about Han’s Legal Terminologies that are Earthed in Tuzishan Site of Yiyang City

作　　者：张忠炜[1] 张春龙[2] Zhang Zhongwei;Zhang Chunlong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872 [2]湖南省文物考古研究所,长沙410008

出　　处：《历史研究》2020年第6期4-23,M0003,共21页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“益阳兔子山遗址7号井出土简牍的整理与研究”(19AZS004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以是否具备刑罚性为标准,汉律区分为狱律与旁律,具备刑罚性的多被视为狱律,旁律则包含行政性、制度性(含军法类)、礼制性律篇。汉初,九章诸篇均已存在,或分属狱律,或分属旁律。九章诸篇之所以能从众多的汉律律篇中脱颖而出,既与汉律体系的开放性有关,也与对律篇价值的估定有关,极可能是律令学发展的产物。正律、旁章记载虽晚出,却有一定依据可循,不能一概斥之为伪造。汉律通行于郡及王国。汉初,王国虽有较大自治权,但无制定律令的权力,也没有独立的王国法存在。Laws of the Han Dynasty,in term of whether they are intended for punishment,can be divided into two kinds respectively applied to prison and others:Yulü(prison law)and Panglü(the law for other crimes).The former one is mostly characterized with a purpose of punishment,while the other one with administrative,systematic(including military),and ritual natures.In the early Han Dynasty,The Nine-Chapter Laws had existed,which could be included into Yulüor Panglü.Why the Laws can stand out in many Han laws not only lies in the openness of the lay system at that time but is related to the assessment of its value,which,with a great possibility,may serve as a result of law study’s development.Zhenglüand Pangzhang,despite their later appearance,can be found well-founded,and thus it is unreasonable to accept all of them as fakes.Han laws were implemented in prefectures and princedoms.In the early time,the princedoms,though with a great right of autonomy,were not entitled to legislative power,and thus had no their own independent laws.

关 键 词：汉律 狱律 旁律 律名木牍 兔子山遗址 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学] D929[政治法律—法学]