文本与历史的对话:希罗多德《历史》的海伦叙事  

Dialog ue between Text and History: Helen Narrative in Herodotus’ Histories

作　　者：郭涛[1] Guo Tao

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院,希腊研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《历史研究》2020年第6期118-141,M0006,共25页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“新历史主义视角下的希罗多德《历史》研究”(18CSS004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“希罗多德《历史》对海伦矛盾评价的原因研究”(SWU1809226)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：海伦叙事虽然以神话故事为题,但历史学家能够在实证主义方法缺席的情况下重构文本的历史性。《历史》2.112与《历史》1.1-5分别对海伦进行“辩护”和“谴责”,希罗多德据此将史诗、抒情诗、悲剧叙事传统中对海伦的不同评价,同时纳入他的历史书写并超越其上。与此同时,希罗多德与高尔吉亚代表的“本性派”智术师竞争,进而为自相矛盾的海伦叙事赋予一致的内在逻辑。希罗多德《历史》的海伦叙事不仅是“历史的造物”,而且也创造了历史。只有将文本与文学、历史双重“语境”置放于竞争性“对话”视角下,才能完整阐释文本的历史性,进而回应后现代主义思潮的挑战。Helen narrative,though taking myths as themes,can be used by historians to reconstruct the historicity of texts even in the absence of positivist methods.Respectively“defending”and“condemning”Helen in 2.112 and 1.1-5,Herodotus accordingly included different comments in epics,lyric poetry and tragedy narratives on Helen into his writing and made overwhelming achievements.Meanwhile,he competed with sophists“advoca ting physis”represented by Gorgias,and further gave the uniform internal logic to the paradoxical Helen narrative.The Helen narrative in Herodotus’Histories not only was a“historical product”but in turn created the history.Only putting the text as well as the double“context”of literature and history in a perspective of competitive“dialogue”can the historicity of the text be completely explained,further responding to challenges from postmodern thoughts.

关 键 词：希罗多德 海伦 语境 希腊 荷马史诗 

分 类 号：I545.072[文学—其他各国文学] K125[历史地理—历史学]