铁路货车制动梁对车轮磨耗影响的调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Influence of Brake Beam on Wheel Wear of Freight Train

作　　者：杜伟[1,2] DU Wei(Liaoning Railway Vocational and Technical College,Jinzhou 121000 Liaoning,China;Mechanical Eng.School,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028 Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁铁道职业技术学院,辽宁锦州121000 [2]大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2021年第1期91-94,共4页Railway Locomotive & Car

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(LJKY2020112)。

摘　　要：铁路货车提速后车轮磨耗加剧,把握磨耗规律,采取有效减磨措施是亟待解决的课题。通过对铁路货车中拉杆式制动梁在缓解状态的理论受力分析及制动状态横移的调研统计,发现制动时固定杠杆与游动杠杆侧制动梁反向横移,1、4、6、7位轮瓦磨耗位置贴近轮缘;通过车轮磨耗调研发现,车轮踏面先于轮缘磨耗,且支点侧的2、4、6、8位车轮磨耗量偏大;固定杠杆侧轮对因制动梁横移引起轮瓦磨耗区域不对称,加剧支点侧车轮磨耗,形成轮径差后影响游动杠杆侧轮对横移,导致支点侧车轮磨耗偏重。从结构上消除制动梁未平衡横向力,并在运用中监控轮径差可减缓车轮磨耗的发展。With the raising speed of railway wagons,the wheel wear increases,the law of wear should be grasped and effective measures should be taken to reduce wear.Through the theoretical stress analysis of the middle-tie rod brake beam in the relieving state and the investi⁃gation and statistics of the lateral movement of the brake state,the finding is that the brake beam on the side of the fixed lever and the moving lever moved in the opposite direction when braking,and the wear position of the wheel and brake shoe was close to wheel flange at positions 1,4,6 and 7.Through investigation,it is found the wear of wheel tread is prior to wheel flange,and the wear is relatively large for the 2,4,6 and 8 position wheels.The lateral movement of the brake beam causes the asymmetry wear area on wheel tread,aggravates the wheel flange wear,and influences the lateral movement of the moving lever side wheelset,the formation of wheel diameter difference leading to the excessive wear of the wheel on the fulcrum side.Appropriate measures,such as eliminating the unbalanced transverse force of the brake beam and monitoring the wheel diameter difference in operation,can slow down the wear development.

关 键 词：中拉杆式制动梁 制动梁横移 轮瓦磨耗 车轮磨耗规律 

分 类 号：U279.34[机械工程—车辆工程]