滇南小流域不同土地利用类型土壤重金属形态特征及污染评价  

Evaluation of heavy metal morphology and pollution characteristics of different land use types in south of Dianchi lake watershed

作　　者：王永平 周子柯 滕昊蔚 孙文贤 牛晓音[2] 邹恩特 Wang Yongping;Zhou Zike;Teng Haowei;Sun Wenxian;Niu Xiaoyin;Zou Ente(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049;School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049 [2]山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《环保科技》2021年第1期38-45,共8页Environmental Protection and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41703099)。

摘　　要：为减少湖库沉积物重金属陆源泥沙输入以及为小流域尺度内重金属污染防治工作提供依据,本文以滇池西南部东大河小流域为研究靶区,探究不同用地类型土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn三种重金属分布特征以及赋存状态,同时分析重金属与土壤理化性质相关性、生物有效性,并利用综合污染指数法以及潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染程度及生态风险做出评价。结果表明:(1)Cu、Zn、Pb之间无显著相关性,污染状况各有不同,并且重金属含量分布受土壤理化性质影响较小,与人类活动密切相关。(2)三种重金属赋存状态均以残渣态为主,耕地残渣态含量较低,其中Pb可还原态含量相对较高,在缺氧环境下容易释放,造成二次污染。不同用地类型中生物有效性均呈现Pb>Zn>Cu的规律。(3)三种用地类型污染程度处于轻度污染,潜在生态危害均处于轻微生态危害级别,重金属总量以及重金属污染评价指数,均呈现耕地>林地>草地的规律,并且同种用地类型中污染指数均表现出Pb>Zn>Cu的规律。(4)不同重金属在不同用地类型污染状况差异明显,耕地的污染程度及生态风险相对较高,重金属Pb生物有效性相对较高,为主要污染物。In order to reduce the input of heavy metals in lake and reservoir sediments and provide a basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution at a small watershed scale,this paper uses the small watershed of Dongdahe in the southwest of Dianchi Lake as the research target area to explore the distribution characteristics and occurrence status of 3 heavy metals Cu,Pb,and Zn in soils of different types of land use,and analyze the correlation between heavy metals and soil physical and chemical properties and biological effectiveness,and use the comprehensive pollution index method and the potential ecological hazard index method to evaluate the pollution degree and ecological risk of heavy metals.The results show that:(1)There is no significant correlation between Cu,Zn,and Pb,the pollution status of them is different,and the physical and chemical properties of the soil have little effect on the distribution of heavy metals,which are closely related to human activities;(2)The occurrence of three heavy metals is dominated by the residue state,and the content of the residue state of the cultivated land is relatively low,and the content of the Pb reducible state is relatively high,which is easy to release in an oxygen-deficient environment,to cause secondary pollution.The bioavailability of different land use types all show the rule of Pb>Zn>Cu;(3)The lands of 3 use types are lightly polluted,and the potential ecological hazards are all at the slight ecological hazard level.The total amount of heavy metals and the evaluation index of heavy metal pollution both shows the rule of cultivated land>woodland>grassland,and the pollution index of the same land type shows the rule of Pb>Zn>Cu;(4)The pollution status of different heavy metals in different land types is obviously different,and the pollution degree and ecological risk of cultivated land are relatively higher,the biological effectiveness of heavy metal Pb is relatively higher,and it is the main pollutant.

关 键 词：东大河小流域 重金属形态 土地利用 生物有效性 综合污染指数 潜在生态危害指数 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]