2006—2019年唐山市路北区制造业职业病发病特征分析  

Analysis on characteristics of occupational disease in manufacturing industry in Lubei District of Tangshan City

作　　者：封小东 艾进颖[2] FENG Xiao-dong;AI Jin-ying(Medical Department,Lubei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tangshan Hebei,063000,China;Occupdlional and Radiology Department,Tangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tangshan Hebei,063000,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山市路北区疾病预防控制中心医疗科,河北唐山063000 [2]唐山市疾病预防控制中心职业与放射科,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第23期3169-3173,3180,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：河北省卫生计生委2018年度医学科学研究重点课题计划(20181380)。

摘　　要：目的对2006—2019年唐山市路北区制造业职业病发病特征进行分析,为制造业防控提供管理依据。方法对2006—2019年唐山市路北区制造业职业病发病情况进行回顾性分析。结果2006—2019年职业病总例数为154例,主要病种是尘肺病、噪声聋及慢性苯中毒,尘肺以矽肺、陶工尘肺及壹期为主。2015—2019年期间已转变为噪声聋、尘肺病及慢性苯中毒为主。职业病总数和尘肺病例数呈线性下降趋势(回归系数b<0,P<0.05)。职业病主要集中在黑色金属冶炼业和非金属矿物制品业。不同经济类型和行业尘肺病种类分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。噪声聋和慢性苯中毒集中于中型企业,慢性苯中毒以女性为主。尘肺病平均发病年龄和接害工龄为(55.1±11.7)岁和(25.0±7.9)年,其他各类职业病平均发病年龄和接害工龄为(46.3±13.8)岁和(12.8±9.4)年。黑色金属冶炼业矽肺病接害工龄小于非金属矿物制品业(P<0.05),小型企业陶工尘肺接害工龄较短(P<0.05)。3个时间阶段(2006—2009、2010—2014、2015—2019年)尘肺病发病年龄和接害工龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论2006—2019年唐山市路北区制造业职业病和尘肺病发病呈下降趋势,职业病疾病谱已发生变化,噪声聋逐渐成为首位主要病种,尘肺病发病年龄和平均暴露时间未见变化,重点对黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业、非金属矿物制品业开展治理,加强粉尘、噪声和苯的职业病防治。Objective To analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases in manufacturing industry in Lubei District of Tangshan City,provide management basis for prevention and control in manufacturing industry.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on occupational disease incidence of manufacturing industry in Lubei District of Tangshan City from 2006-2019.Results There were totally 154 cases of occupational diseases from 2006-2019,the main diseases were pneumoconiosis,noise deafness,and chronic benzene poisoning,and the pneumoconiosis was mainly silicosis,ceramist pneumoconiosis and stageⅠ.The total number of occupational diseases and pneumoconiosis cases showed a linear downward trend(regression coefficient b<0,P<0.05).Occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in ferrous metal smelting industry and nonmetal mineral products industry.There was statistically significant difference in the distribution of pneumoconiosis among different economic types and industries(both P<0.05).Noise deafness and chronic benzene poisoning were concentrated in medium sized enterprises.The average age of onset and length of exposure for pneumoconiosis was(55.1±11.7)years old and(25.0±7.9)years,while the average age of onset and length of exposure for other occupational diseases was(46.3±13.8)years old and(12.8±9.4)years.The exposure length of silicosis cases in ferrous metal smelting industry was less than that in nonmetal mineral products industry(P<0.05),and the exposure length of potters’pneumoconiosis cases in small enterprises was shorter(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in average age of onset and length of exposure for pneumoconiosis among three time periods(2006-2009,2010-2014,2015-2019)(P>0.05).Conclusion From 2006-2019,the incidence of occupational diseases and pneumoconiosis in manufacturing industry in Lubei District of Tangshan City show a downward trend.The spectrum of occupational diseases has changed,and noise deafness has gradually become the first major disease.The age of onset an

关 键 词：职业病 尘肺病 发病特征 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]