国联调查团来华期间调停中日冲突的尝试及其失败  

The Attempt and Failure of the Commission of Enquiry of the League of Nations to Mediate the Sino⁃Japanese Conflict during Its Visit to China

作　　者：李珊[1] Li Shan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2020年第4期80-96,M0003,M0004,共19页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“顾维钧抗战外交档案的整理与研究”(18AZS015);国家社会科学基金重大项目“哥伦比亚大学藏顾维钧档案整理与研究”(19ZDA222)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1932年3—9月国联调查团来华期间,除进行事实调查外,还试图寻求解决中日冲突的办法。作为国联调查团团长,李顿来华之初,试图介入上海停战谈判,遭到各方反对。此后,国联调查团与南京国民政府围绕九一八事变善后问题及解决中日争端的办法进行数次会谈。国联调查团基本依循英国主导的袒护日本、承认日本侵占东北即成事实的政策,明确表示不会在报告书中援引《国联盟约》第16条提出对日制裁的主张。在日军加紧向热河进犯的背景下,南京国民政府与国联调查团达成基本共识,确定由后者斡旋中日和谈,并作出不以日本撤兵为和谈条件、在东北建立自治文官政府等重大让步。汪精卫在此基础上拟定《解决东案办法大纲草案》,蒋汪合流后的南京国民政府对日妥协倾向初露端倪。然而,日本执意延续在东北扶植伪政权的既定政策,强硬拒绝国联调查团和南京国民政府提出的和谈方案。中方退让的步调已跟不上日本侵略的节奏,《国联调查团报告书》建议案正是在这种尴尬的局面下出台的。In March⁃September 1932,in addition to factual investigations,the Commission of Enquiry of the League of Nations also tried to seek a solution to the Sino⁃Japanese conflict.At the beginning of his visit to China,Lytton tried to intervene in the Shanghai armistice negotiations but was opposed by all parties.Since then,the Commission of Enquiry of the League of Nations was largely guided by the British⁃led policy of taking Japan's part and recognizing Japan's occupation of the Northeast as a fact,and made it clear that it would not invoke Article 16 of the Covenant of the League of Nations in its report to claim sanctions against Japan.Against the background of the Japanese Army's intensive invasion of the Rehe,the Nanjing Nationalist government reached a basic consensus with the Commission of Enquiry of the League of Nations,and made the decision to carry out the Sino⁃Japanese peace talks by mediation of a third party.The government also made major concessions such as not taking withdrawal of Japanese troops as a condition for peace talks,and establishing an autonomous civilian government in Northeast.On this basis,Wang Jingwei drew up The Draft Outline of Solution to the Northeast Case,and the Nanjing Nationalist government's tendency to compromise with Japan was on the horizon after the cooperation of Chiang Kaishek and Wang Jingwei.However,Japan was determined to continue the established policy of fostering puppet regime in the Northeast and strongly rejected the peace program proposed by the Commission of Enquiry of the League of Nations and the Nanjing Nationalist government.China's pace of retreat had not kept up with the pace of Japanese aggression.It was in this awkward situation that the proposed program of Report of the Commission of Enquiry of the League of Nations came out.

关 键 词：九一八事变 国联调查团 李顿 顾维钧 对日政策 

分 类 号：K151[历史地理—历史学]