国民政府对汉奸的司法惩处——对惩奸法律文本、程序设置与审判特点的考察  

The Nationalist Government's Judicial Punishment of Traitors-An Exploration of Legal Text,Punishment Procedure and Trial Characteristics of the Laws on Punishment of Traitors

作　　者：吕迅[1] Lv Xun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2020年第4期136-146,M0004,共12页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

摘　　要：抗日战争期间,汉奸作为中国民族主义话语的反面典型不断出现。国民政府从1931—1947年实施了多种严惩汉奸的政策,但司法惩处主要在1946—1947年。1944年出台的一部程序法《特种刑事案件诉讼条例》规定非军人汉奸案件应归司法管辖,从而逐渐取代此前由行政兼理的办法,这一点得到了当时国民政府主席蒋介石的支持,汉奸案件的司法审理也经历了由非常态到常态的转变。国民政府通过司法机关惩办汉奸数以万计,对社会影响不可谓不深远。然而,惩处汉奸的法律条文、司法程序、法庭审判等环节都存在问题,致使司法不公,时而惩处不力,时而失之过严。首先,法条时常有悖法理;其次,程序存在种种漏洞;最后,判决亦受行政干涉严重。本文拟从国家层面,通过梳理行政院、司法院及省级行政、司法机关的档案,分析上述司法不公的问题所在。During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,traitors always appeared as a negative example of Chinese nationalist discourse.The Kuomintang government implemented a variety of policies of punishing traitors from 1931 to 1947,but the judicial punishment was mainly from 1946 to 1947.The Special Criminal Cases Litigation Ordinance,a procedural law,provided that cases of non⁃military traitors should subject to jurisdiction,thus gradually replacing the former method of concurrently trying by administrative organs.This was supported by Chiang Kai⁃shek,the Chairman of the Nationalist government,and the judicial trial of the traitors'cases underwent a change from abnormal to normal.The nationalist government punished tens of thousands traitors through the judicial organs,exerting far⁃reaching influences to society.However,there are many problems in the legal provisions,judicial procedures,court trials and other links of punishing traitors,resulting in unfair justice-sometimes inadequate,sometimes too strict.Firstly,the laws were often contrary to legal principles;secondly,there were various loopholes in the procedure;finally,the judgments were seriously interfered by administrative organs.From the national level,this paper tries to analyze the above problems by combing the archives of Executive Yuan,Judicial Yuan and provincial administrative and judicial organs.

关 键 词：汉奸 惩奸 民国司法 惩治汉奸条例 特种刑事案件诉讼条例 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]