施工塔吊安全管理的系统动力学分析  

System dynamics analysis and safety risk of building tower crane

作　　者：黄莺[1,2] 瑚珊 姚思梦 HUANG Ying;HU Shan;YAO Si-meng(School of Civil Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;School of Resource Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2020年第6期2060-2068,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：西安市城乡建设委员会建设科技项目(SJW2017-02)。

摘　　要：采用系统动力学分析塔吊施工过程中的各风险影响因素,为塔吊施工安全的事故预防提供理论基础。将塔吊在施工阶段安全风险视为一个系统,以施工相关人员、环境、塔吊设备自身、管理为子系统,分析各子系统的二类影响因素,构建施工塔吊安全风险的系统动力学模型,确定模型中各风险因素之间的因果关系和方程式。Vensim-PLE软件仿真模拟表明:施工人员因素对塔吊风险安全水平的影响程度最大,管理因素、塔吊设备因素次之,环境因素对其安全水平的影响程度最小,驾驶员业务水平和身心素质对塔吊安全水平的影响程度最大。可通过提高人员因素的安全水平和控制系统其他因素来降低塔吊作业事故的发生概率。This paper intends to study and analyze the risk factors of the tower crane in its use in the construction site in a theoretical way of system dynamics.As compared with the traditional evaluation model,the system dynamics model we have adopted can provide for help of its safety.Since we would like to take the safety risk of the tower crane as an overall system and analyze the topic from a systematic perspective,it would be better to take the related personnel,the environment,the tower crane equipment itself and the managerial side as the related subsystems.When analyzing each subsystem,it can be found that our research may involve 27 influential factors.In addition,the system dynamics model of the safety risks of the construction tower crane we have built up has to involve and determine the causalities and equations among the risk factors in the model.And,later,reviewing the safety investment as a single variable,it is also of actual need to carry out a simulation to show that the related sides,particularly,the managerial side should play a key significant role in the safety control level of the tower crane,which can then be followed by the other actual application factors,say,the tower crane equipment itself and its operators by using the Vensim-PLE software.Needless to say,the environment factors their own also effect on the safety control.What is more,analyzing the factors of the related people,it can be found that the tower crane driver should be principal figure in charge of the tower crane accidents,which may come about due to his or her physical or mental qualities,or negligence of his or her duties in the tower crane manipulation.For example,overtime working exhaust,the signal deliver’s short of occupational training,the safety control managers shortage of leading control power,etc.Therefore,in order to strengthen the safety management of the construction tower cranes,it is suggested to strengthen the management of the related workers and enforce the training of the personnel in fulfilling their duties.

关 键 词：安全工程 塔吊 安全水平 施工风险 系统动力学 

分 类 号：X947[环境科学与工程—安全科学]