锰矿废渣区苔藓物种多样性及其重金属污染监测  

Diversity of the bryophytes and heavy metal pollution monitoring in manganese ore waste area

作　　者：任军 刘方[1] 朱健[1] 罗洋 李松 钟雪雯 REN Jun;LIU Fang;ZHU Jian;LUO Yang;LI Song;ZHONG Xue-wen(College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;School of Geography and Resources,Guizhou Edlucation University,Guiyang 550018,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范学院地理与资源学院,贵阳550018

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2020年第6期2398-2407,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442-3);国家自然科学基金项目(41661094);贵州省科技厅基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础[2016]1112)。

摘　　要：以贵州东部锰矿区3个不同类型的废渣堆场(矿井废渣、尾矿渣、电解锰渣)自然生长的苔藓为研究对象,采用经典形态分类法对采集的63份苔藓样品鉴定为12科18属21种,其中丛藓科(Pottiaceae)为优势科,尖叶扭口藓(Trichostomum brachydontium)为矿井废渣堆场优势种,扭叶牛毛藓原变种(Ditrichum gracile)为尾矿渣堆场优势种,而南亚丝瓜藓(Pohlia gedeana)为电解锰渣堆场优势种。对苔藓植物及其生长基质7种重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Mn、Ni、Cr)含量进行测定及分析。结果表明,锰矿废渣区苔藓植物生长基质的重金属出现明显富集,其中Mn、Pb、Cu、Cr含量的最大值分别为该区土壤背景值的334倍、436倍、139倍、130倍;而苔藓中Mn、Cr、Pb、Cu、Cd含量超过植物正常范围值,其中硬叶净口藓(Gymnostomum subrigidulum)对Mn、Cr、Pb、Cu的累积性较强,体内重金属含量的变化与其生长基质中重金属含量有密切的关联性,硬叶净口藓可作为锰矿区监测土壤重度污染的指示植物。相关性分析表明,苔藓植物内Mn、Cr、Cu、Pb含量与其生长基质中相应的重金属含量呈显著性正相关,苔藓植物中重金属来源主要受生长基质的影响;苔藓植物内各重金属元素之间多具有协同作用,苔藓植物对重金属具有多重吸收效应。The present paper is engaged in an investigation of natural growth bryophytes about three different types of manganese mine waste residue area( mine slag,slag,electrolytic manganese slag) in eastern Guizhou Province. As a result of the investigation,we have collected 63 samples and the samples were identified as 21 species of 12 families,18 genera by classical morphological classification. The dominant family is Pottiaceae,Trichostomumbrachydontium is the dominant species in mine slag,Ditrichumgracile is the dominant species in slag,Pohliagedeana is the dominant species in electrolytic manganese slag. We determined and analyzed the content of heavy metal elements( Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Mn,Ni,Cr) in bryophytes and growth matrix. The results shows that the heavy metals in the growth matrix of Manganese mine waste residue area were obviously enriched,and the maximum contents of Mn,Pb,Cu,Cr were 334,436,139 and 130 times of the soil background in Guizhou Province.At the same time,the content of Mn,Cr,Pb,Cu and Cd in bryophytes exceeds the normal range of plants. P. gedeana has the stronger accumulation of Mn,Cr,Pb,Cu,and the change of the heavy metal content in bryophytes has a close correlation with content in growth matrix. G. subrigidulum can be used as the monitoring plant for severe heavy metal pollution in manganese ore area. The correlation analysis shows that the content of Mn,Cr,Cu and Pb in bryophytes was positively correlated with the content of heavy metals in the growth matrix,and the sources of heavy metals in bryophytes are mainly affected by the growth matrix. Most of the heavy metal elements in bryophytes have synergistic effects,and bryophytes have multiple absorption effects on heavy metals.

关 键 词：环境学 锰矿废渣 苔藓 重金属 指示植物 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]