2014-2018年广州市老年人伤害病例特征及变化趋势分析  

Characteristics and trend of injuries among the elderly in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018

作　　者：孙敏英[1] 黄婷苑 林伟权[1] 杨韵鸥 秦发举[1] 杨琼英[1] 刘慧[1] 刘华章[1] 沈纪川[1] SUN Min-ying;HUANG Ting-yuan;LIN Wei-quan;YANG Yun-ou;QIN Fa-ju;YANG Qiong-ying;LIU Hui;LIU Hua-zhang;SHEN Ji-chuan(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510440

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2020年第12期1641-1645,1650,共6页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(201804010191,201707010204)。

摘　　要：目的分析2014-2018年广州市60岁及以上老年人伤害病例的流行特征及变化趋势,为制定老年伤害预防和控制策略提供科学依据。方法从广州市伤害监测信息系统中收集2014年1月-2018年12月上报的老年伤害病例信息,并进行整理和统计分析。结果 2014-2018年广州市共报告老年伤害病例19 234例,男女性别比为1∶1.33,平均年龄(71.74±9.48)岁,老年伤害例数及其在总伤害病例中的构成比逐年增加。老年伤害夏秋季高发,最多为10月份。伤害原因前3位分别为跌倒/坠落、刀/锐器伤和动物伤,其中跌倒/坠落所致老年伤害达49.41%,并随年龄的增长而增加,老年女性跌倒/坠落风险高于男性(P<0.001)。65.16%老年人伤害发生在家中,但近5年其构成比呈下降趋势。广州市老年伤害性质前3位依次是挫伤/擦伤(35.69%)、锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤(29.14%)和骨折(17.22%)。老年伤害部位多为四肢和头部,占全部伤害病例的78.57%。74.15%老年伤害病例为轻度伤害,78.52%患者经简单治疗后即离开医院。结论广州市老年伤害形势严峻,以跌倒/坠落为主,女性多于男性,夏秋季高发,地点多半在家中,以轻度伤害为主。应根据老年人生活习惯和需求,采取有效干预措施,预防和减少老年伤害的发生。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of injury among the elderly aged ≥ 60 years old in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018,and provide scientific measures for the prevention and control of elderly injuryMethods The information of elderly injury cases was obtained and selected from the Injury Surveillance System of Guangzhou from January 2014 to December 2018.All data was collated and statistically analyzed.Results A total of 19 234 elderly injuries,age from 60 to 106(mean 71.74±9.48) were reported from 2014 to 2018,and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.33.The number of elderly injuries and proportion in total injuries increased with years.The elderly injury cases were more in summer and autumn,most in October.Falls,knife/sharp injuries and animal injuries were the most common causes and falls caused 49.41% of elderly injuries.The incidence of falls increased with age was higher in female than male(P<0.001).About 65.16% of the elderly injury occurred at home,but the proportion had declined in the past five years.The top three injury types among the elderly were contusion/abrasion(35.69%),sharp injury/bite/open injury(29.14%)and fracture(17.22%).The major body parts were limbs and head,accounting for 78.57%.About 74.15% of cases were minor severity,and 78.52% of cases were discharged after treatment.Conclusions The situation of elderly injuries in Guangzhou gradually became serious.Falls were the main cause and females were more than males.Most injuries occur at home in summer and autumn with minor severity.Effective interventions should be taken to prevent and reduce injuries according to the living habits and needs of the elderly.

关 键 词：伤害 老年人 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]