麻疹流行现况和免疫策略进展  

Progress on the measles epidemic status and immunization strategies

作　　者：赵丽旋 李鹏媛 郭中敏[3] 陆家海[1,4,5,6] ZHAO Li-xuan;LI Peng-yuan;GUO Zhong-min;LU Jia-hai(School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080;Guangzhou Baiyun District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510445;Laboratory Animal Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080;Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080;One Health Center of Excellence for Research and Training,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080;Institute of Emergency Technology for Serious Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention,Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology,Emergency Management Office,the People′s Government of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080 [2]广州市白云区疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510445 [3]中山大学实验动物中心,广东广州510080 [4]中山大学热带病防治研究教育部重点实验室,广东广州510080 [5]中山大学One Health研究中心,广东广州510080 [6]广东省重大传染病预防和控制技术研究中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2020年第12期1646-1650,共5页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020241002);国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10101002-001-001);广东省科技计划项目(2018B020207013);广东省科技计划科技基础条件建设项目(2016A030303006)。

摘　　要：麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的,是儿童常见的呼吸道传染病之一。接种含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)是消除麻疹最主要的策略。随着MCV的广泛应用,全球麻疹发病率和死亡率大幅度下降,但近年来全球多个国家和地区暴发大规模麻疹疫情,麻疹防控工作不容懈怠。本文概况了国内外麻疹的流行现况和免疫策略,分析当前麻疹防控三大难点,即≥2剂次MCV免疫覆盖率未达到阻断要求、出现<8月龄和成人病例增加的"双相移位"现象和疫苗犹豫现象,为麻疹的预防和控制提供参考。Measles is caused by measles virus,which is one of the common respiratory infectious diseases in children.Vaccination with measles-containing vaccine(MCV)is the main strategy to eliminate measles.With the widespread use of MCV,the global measles morbidity and mortality rates have dropped significantly,but in recent years,large-scale measles outbreaks have occurred in many countries and regions around the world;the measles prevention and control work cannot be slack.This article provides an overview of the prevalence and immunization strategies of measles at home and abroad,and analyzes the current three major difficulties in measles prevention and control:≥2 doses of MCV immune coverage does not meet the blocking requirements,a"biphasic shift"phenomenon in an increase of<8 months and adults and vaccine hesitation.This review may provide a reference for the measles prevention and control.

关 键 词：麻疹 疫苗 流行病学 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]