链格孢属及相关属分类研究新进展  

Advances in the classification of Alternaria and related genera

作　　者：冯中红 孙广宇[1] FENG Zhonghong;SUN Guangyu(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yang ling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《菌物研究》2020年第4期294-303,共10页Journal of Fungal Research

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS27)。

摘　　要：链格孢属Alternaria真菌广布世界各地,包含寄生、腐生和内生的类群,寄主范围和发生的基质极其广泛。链格孢为重要植物病原菌,可造成多种作物的严重病害,一些为人畜致病菌,引发人畜疾病。自建立至今200余年以来,链格孢属的分类标准及属的界限发生了较大变化。传统上该属的分类基于形态学特征进行,包括分生孢子的形状、大小、分隔状况、成链特性、喙的特征、产孢表型等。然而形态特征在近缘种间变异较大,一些相似种无法有效区分,近年来分子系统发育分析在该类群中被广泛使用。目前,链格孢属真菌被划分为28个组群(section)。一些相似属,包括假格孢属Nimbya、细基格孢属Ulocladium、埃里格孢属Embellisia、Crivellia、Alternariaster、Chalastospora、Teretispora等均被归至链格孢属,作为属下不同的组群。另一些相似属,如匍柄霉属Stemphylium和顶茁格孢属Gibbago仍被作为独立属对待。该文综述了链格孢属及相关属的分类研究历史与研究新进展,讨论了链格孢属真菌分类现存问题,展望了今后研究的方向及需要重点解决的问题。Alternaria species are widely distributed all over the world,and the host and substrate range is very wide,including pathogens,saprophytes,and endophytes. Alternaria species are important plant pathogens,which can cause severe disease in a wide range of crops,and some are important human and animal pathogens. Since its establishment 200 years ago,there have been many great changes in the classification and circumscription of Alternaria. The classification of Alternaria has traditionally been based on morphological characteristics,such as the shape,size,separation of conidia,characteristics of the chain,beak,and sporulation phenotypes. However,due to the large variation of morphological characteristics among related species,some similar species cannot be effectively distinguished only by morphology. In recent years, molecular phylogenetic analysis has been widely used in this group. Currently,Alternaria is divided into 28 sections. In addition to Stemphylium and Gibbago,now treated as separate genera,some similar genera including Nimbya,Ulocladium,Crivellia,Alternariaster,Chalastospora,and Teretispora have been classified into different sections of Alternaria. In this paper,the history of the research into the classification and current status of Alternaria and related genera is summarized,and the problems yet to be solved and the future research directions are discussed.

关 键 词：链格孢 分类 形态特征 系统发育分析 匍柄霉属 细基格孢属 

分 类 号：Q949.331[生物学—植物学]