播期与密度组合对不同小麦品种产量及抗倒性的影响  

Effect of sowing date and density combination on grain yield and lodging resistance of late-sown wheat

作　　者：王慧[1] 朱冬梅[1] 高致富[1] 高德荣[1] 吴宏亚[1] WANG Hui;ZHU Dongmei;GAO Zhifu;GAO Derong;WU Hongya(Lixiahe Region Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low&Middle Yangtze Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou 225007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业农村部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225007

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第6期34-39,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(YFD0100800);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-11);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31701355);江苏省科技计划重点及面上项目(BE2018350);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(18)1001];江苏省国际合作项目(BZ2019036);扬州市科技计划项目(YZ2017189)。

摘　　要：以长江中下游麦区5个主栽品种扬麦16、扬麦20、扬麦22、扬麦23和宁麦13为材料,比较不同播期与种植密度组合对不同品种的产量、茎秆形态特性以及抗倒能力的影响。结果表明:随播期推迟与密度增加,所有品种株高、重心高度、基部节间长度均下降,基部节间茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度及节间充实度下降不显著,抗倒伏指数降低不明显。3个播期与密度组合均以扬麦22产量最高,但其茎秆较细,抗倒伏指数低,倒伏面积大,且减产幅度最大;宁麦13虽株高、重心高度较矮,但基部节间粗度、茎壁厚度最小,抗折力较差,倒伏严重,产量最低;扬麦16基部节间粗度、茎壁厚度最大,抗倒伏指数高,倒伏系数小,在迟播高密处理下减产幅度最小;扬麦23茎秆质量较好,比例协调,其抗倒性能最好,各播期与密度组合下产量水平也较稳定。迟播条件下适度增加密度可获得较高产量,且不增加倒伏风险,但不同品种调整适度不一,相比而言,扬麦16和扬麦23较耐迟播。In order to provide the references for lodging resistance in wheat breeding under late-sowing condition,five wheat varieties of Yangmai 16,Yangmai 20,Yangmai 22,Yangmai 23and Ningmai 13were sown on three dates(early sowing on Oct.20with low density,normal sowing on Nov.5with medium density and late sowing on Nov.20with high density).The yield,stem morphological characteristics and lodging resistance were studied.The results showed that with the delay of sowing time,the plant height,center of gravity height and internode length from basis of all the varieties decreased when the density increased,the outside diameter and wall thickness of basal internodes decreased significantly.The lodging resistance index was not significantly reduced,while the lodging symptom under late-sowing condition was not significantly aggravated.Yangmai 22had the highest yield under the three treatments,with the observation of the thinner stems,lower lodging resistance index and significantly lower yield ultimately.The plant height and center of gravity height of Ningmai 13were shortest,but the outside diameter and wall thickness were the smallest,the lodging was severe,and the yield was the lowest;the stem quality of Yangmai 16and Yangmai 23were good,the proportion was coordinated,and the grain yield decreased minimum.Appropriate increase in the density under the delayed conditions can achieve higher yields without increasing the lodging risk,but it needs to be adjusted appropriately for different varieties.Yangmai 16and Yangmai 23are candidate cultivars for late sowing condition。

关 键 词：小麦 播期 密度 产量 茎秆特性 抗倒伏指数 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]