社会性别视角下西部城乡老年人的主要生活来源变迁--以四川省为例  

Changes in the Main Source of Income of Older People in Urban and Rural Areas in Western China from the Perspective of Social Gender:Evidence from Sichuan Province

作　　者：曹杨 谢肖 CAO Yang;XIE Xiao(School of Public A dministration,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Institute of Demography,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学人口研究所,四川成都610065

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2020年第10期22-32,共11页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“面向全面小康社会的老年长期照护体系研究”(16JJD840012);中国博士后科学基金资助项目“未满足需要视角的城市居家失能老年人精准照料研究”(2019M663537);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(2019hhs-20);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(2020自研-公管4)。

摘　　要：利用四川省2010年人口普查数据与2015年1%人口抽样调查数据,分城乡、分年龄分析了四川省老年人主要收入来源的性别差异及五年间的变化。结果显示:第一,2010年,城镇老年人以离退休金养老金为主要生活来源的比例远高于农村老年人,主要依靠劳动收入或家庭其他成员供养的比例低于农村老年人,五年后,农村老年人劳动负担的下降幅度及离退休金养老金比例的上升幅度较城镇老年人更大;第二,五年间农村老年人以最低生活保障金为主要生活来源的比例明显上升,老年人最低生活保障金所占比例的城乡差距几乎翻了一番;第三,五年间城乡老年人收入来源的性别差异有所缩小,女性老年人获得养老保障的比例不断提高,在城镇低龄女性老年人中尤为明显。Using data from the National Population Census(Sichuan)in 2010 and the 1%population sample survey in 2015,we examined the gender difference in the main source of income of older people in Sichuan province by age and residence as well as its change from 2010 to 2015.Results show that in 2010,the proportion of the urban elderly who depended on retirement pensions was much higher than that of the rural elderly,whereas the proportion of the urban elderly mainly depending on salaries or support from other family members was lower than that of the rural elderly.From 2010 to 2015,the decline in the proportion of the rural elderly regarding salaries as main income sources,and the increase in the proportion of them depending on retirement pensions were more obvious than their urban counterparts.Besides,the proportion of rural elders who mainly depended on subsistence allowances increased significantly from 2010 to 2015,and the urban-rural gap in the proportion of older adults mainly relying on subsistence allowance doubled during the same period.Moreover,the gender difference in main source of income between the urban and rural elderly narrowed from 2010 to 2015,and the proportion of elderly women who had old-age security continued to increase during the same period,especially younger seniors in urban areas.

关 键 词：老年人 社会性别 西部地区 生活来源 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]