人口外流与村庄内部分化:代际间的动态视角——基于对赣南S村十年变迁的考察  

Population Outflow and Village Internal Differentiation:An Inter-generational Dynamic Perspective:Based on the Investigation of 10 Years Evolutions of Village S in Southern Jiangxi Province

作　　者：湛礼珠 罗万纯[2] ZHAN Lizhu;LUO Wanchun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学农村发展系 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所乡村治理研究室

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期86-101,共16页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：伴随着经济社会的结构性变迁,后发型农村由于经济发展滞后、村庄利益密度较低且人口外流严重,其村庄内部分化呈现出与经济发达地区农村相异的过程机理和最终形态。采用质性研究的方法,基于对赣南S村十年变迁的考察,研究发现,村庄就业形势的转变使理性农民将就业视野拓展到村外,村庄人口大规模外流成为常态。受个体禀赋和能力差异的影响,外流农民职业分化逐渐形成,经济分化继而推进。但因人力资本差异有限,同时受职业和生活风险及父代责任绵延等的影响,有限的经济分化难以进一步扩张,因而并不足以造成社会生活区隔,也无力形塑村庄内部社会分层。与经济分化并行的是社会性分化。由于传统生产生活方式的变革,加之村庄人口的大规模、长期性外流,市场观念的持续输入和由村庄"助行为"的消散引发的公共性消解,加速了乡村伦理共同体的裂解,而这也成为后发型农村村庄内部分化的主要动力。代际间阶梯式推进的"有分化无分层"的村庄内部分化形态与动态化、螺旋式产生的房支"断链化"、家庭"核心化"和个人"原子化"的村庄治理困境相伴而生。破解这一困局,对实现乡村治理有效具有重要意义。With the structural changes of economy and society,the village internal differentiation in the economically backward rural areas shows a process mechanism and final form differing from that in economically developed rural areas because of the backward economic development,low village interest density and serious population outflow.This paper adopts the method of qualitative research and based on the investigation of 10 years evolutions of Village S in southern Jiangxi province.It has found that the transformation of village employment situation makes rational peasants expand their employment horizons to the outside of village,and the large-scale outflow of the village population becomes the norm.Affected by individual differences in endowments and abilities,occupational differentiation among the outflow peasants has gradually formed,and then economic differentiation accelerated.However,because these differences are limited,also influenced by occupation and life risks,the economic differentiation gap is not large enough to create social and living zones,nor to shape social stratification in the village.Village social differentiation is paralleled with its economic differentiation.Due to the changes of traditional production and lifestyle,coupled with the large-scale and long-term village population outflow,the continuous input of market concept and the dissolution of public character caused by the disappearance of village“supporting behavior”accelerate the disintegration of rural ethical community,which has become the main driving force for the village internal differentiation in economically backward rural areas.The“differentiation without stratification”village internal differentiation pattern promoted by intergenerational steps is accompanied by the dynamically and spirally generated village governance dilemma of“broken chain”of villages,“core”of families and“atomization”of individuals.Solving these problems is of great significance to the realization of rural revitalization.

关 键 词：人口外流 村庄内部分化 后发型农村 村庄伦理共同体 有分化无分层 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]