熊本牡蛎三倍体与二倍体性腺发育特征比较  

Comparative study of gonadal development in triploid and diploid Crassostrea sikamea

作　　者：武祥伟[1,2] 张跃环[1] 肖述[1] 秦艳平[1] 喻子牛[1] WU Xiangwei;ZHANG Yuehuan;XIAO Shu;QIN Yanping;YU Ziniu(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,ChineseAcademy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Animal Science and Technology College,Key Laboratory of Plateau Fishery Resources Protection and SustainableUtilization of Yunnan Province,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650301,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南省高校高原渔业资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第2期136-143,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家贝类产业体系建设专项(CARS-49);广东省科技厅项目(2016TQ03N905,2016A02020811,2016B020233005,2017B030314052);广东省海洋与渔业厅项目(A201601A04).

摘　　要：为了评估三倍体熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)的繁殖潜力,采用细胞松弛素B诱导了熊本牡蛎三倍体,比较了60日龄(2016年8月)~450日龄(2017年9月)三倍体与二倍体性腺发育特点,分析了性腺发育与繁殖周期的相关性。研究结果表明,熊本牡蛎三倍体与二倍体性腺发育均可分为形成期、增殖期、成熟期、排放期和耗尽期5个时期;在一个繁殖周期内22%的三倍体性腺可发育至成熟期,但与二倍体相比,三倍体成熟性腺的滤泡小、结缔组织丰富;三倍体与二倍体性腺发育周期同步,繁殖季节均位于3—9月,繁殖期较长;150日龄(2016年10月)三倍体与二倍体中发育的性腺(包括增殖期、成熟期、排放期、耗尽期)分别占70%与90%,210日龄(2017年1月)减小至3%与18%,之后性腺再次发育,分别在360日龄(2017年6月)和450日龄(2017年9月)成熟期性腺比例达到最大值(40%和90%)。三倍体与二倍体雌雄比分别为1.35:1和0.95:1,三倍体性比显著偏离1:1(P<0.01)。性腺成熟期三倍体与二倍体平均卵径分别为(44.30±6.88)μm与(37.76±5.76)μm,三倍体卵径比二倍体大17.33%(P<0.05)。本研究可为熊本牡蛎三倍体和二倍体繁育提供参考依据。To evaluate the reproductive potential of triploids of the Kumamoto oyster Crassostrea sikamea,triploids were made using cytochalasin B.The characteristics of the periodical variation of gonadal development were investigated for the triploids and diploids.The relationship between the gonadal development and reproduction period was also analyzed in the triploids and diploids.The results showed that gonadal development could be classified into five stages:early development,later development,mature,spawning,and spent.Triploids had partial reproduction,with 22%mature individuals.The mature triploids had smaller sized follicles and amounts of connective tissue compared with mature diploids.The gonadal development was synchronous in triploids and diploids.Diploids had a long reproduction period from March to September.The percentages of the gonad development of females and males(including the development stage,mature stage,spawning stage,and spent stage)were 70%and 90%in October(150 d)for triploids and diploids,respectively,and decreased until December(210 d),with a minimum of 3%and 18%for triploids and diploids,respectively.Subsequently,the gonads developed once more,with the highest maturation rate of 40%and 90%in June(360 d)and September(450 d),respectively.The sex ratios(female:male)were 1.35:1 and 0.95:1 for triploids and diploids,respectively,with the triploid sex ratio significantly deviating from the expected sex ratio(1:1)(P<0.01).The average(±standard deviation)egg diameters were(4.30±6.88)μm and(37.76±5.76)μm in the gonads of mature triploids and diploids,respectively.Moreover,the egg diameters of the triploids were 17.33%larger than that of the diploids,which was significant(P<0.05).The present study provides a useful basis for the reproduction of triploids and diploids of C.sikamea.

关 键 词：熊本牡蛎 三倍体 二倍体 性腺 性比 卵径 贝类繁殖 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖] Q343[农业科学—水产科学]