科举制度视角下张謇“冒籍案”探究  

Analysis of Zhang Jian’s“Fake Native Place Case”from the Perspective of Imperial Examination System

作　　者：龚郑勇[1] GONG Zhengyong(School of Primary Education,Nantong Normal College,Nantong Jiangsu 226000,China)

机构地区：[1]南通师范高等专科学校初教院,江苏南通226000

出　　处：《湖南工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期69-77,共9页Journal of Hunan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省教育科学“十三五”规划课题“现代化视角下张謇教育实践”(D/2020/01/65)。

摘　　要：晚清状元张謇早年经历的持续数年的“冒籍案”几乎改变了他的人生方向,也持续影响着他的未来。张謇“冒籍案”虽然最终以张家付出巨额经济代价收尾,但无论是从眼前看,还是为未来计,张謇从中所获得的回报都远超其经济付出。通过对张謇自己所谓的冷籍难考,以及后人以讹传讹形成的所谓冷籍不能考而不得不进行冒籍的说法进行辨析,可以发现,张謇冒籍实际上是一种不合理学额分配制度所导致的个体趋利行为。重新探讨张謇冒籍这段历史公案,对于我国当下教育如何尽可能实现程序正义与实质正义的平衡,亦不乏启示意义。Zhang Jian,the number one scholar in the late Qing Dynasty,experienced several years of“fake native place case”in his early years,which almost changed his life direction and continued to affect his future.Although Zhang Jian’s“fake native place case”ended with the huge economic cost paid by the Zhang family,Zhang Jian’s return from it far exceeded his economic cost,both in the present and for the future.By analyzing Zhang Jian’s own saying that people from the families without a single official or scholar in three generations can hardly be admitted in the imperial examination,and the later generations’saying that people from the families without a single official or scholar in three generations are not qualified to take the imperial examination and they have to fake the native place and identity,we can find that Zhang Jian’s fake identity is actually an individual profit-seeking behavior caused by the unreasonable enrollment quota allocation system.Re-exploring the historical case of Zhang Jian’s case is of great significance to how to achieve the balance between procedural justice and substantive justice in China’s current education.

关 键 词：张謇“冒籍案” 科举制度 学额分配制度 程序正义 

分 类 号：D691.3[政治法律—政治学]