硝化/脲酶抑制剂对秋马铃薯植株及土壤氮素利用的影响  

Effects of nitrification/urease inhibitors on potato yield and soil mineral nitrogen content

作　　者：万年鑫 黄强[1] 郑顺林[1,2] 郭函 龚静 胡建军 WAN Nian-xin;HUANG Qiang;ZHENG Shun-lin;GUO Han;GONG Jing;HU Jian-jun(Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivationin Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China,Chengdu Sichuan 611130;Key Laboratory of Potato Crop Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China,Chengdu Jiusen Agricultural Technology Co.Ltd,Xindu Sichuan 610500;Crop Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610066;Management Committee of Luxian Modem Agricultural Park,Luzhou Sichuan 646100)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学,农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]农业农村部薯类作物遗传育种重点实验室,成都久森农业科技有限公司,四川新都610500 [3]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [4]泸县现代农业园区管理委员会,四川泸川646100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第1期83-89,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：四川省育种攻关及配套项目(2016NYZ0051-5、2016-NYZ0032);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200808);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川薯类创新团队(川财教[2019]59号)。

摘　　要：通过添加硝化/脲酶抑制剂达到秋马铃薯生产中减氮增效的目的,为制定秋马铃薯的农田氮素管理措施及节肥增效策略提供依据。采用随机区组试验设计,设置30、60、90、120 kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平与硝化/脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、双氰胺(DCD)、2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(CP)、未添加硝化/脲酶抑制剂(CK)4种方式配施,探究对土壤氮含量、秋马铃薯光合能力以及产量的影响。结果表明:硝化/脲酶抑制剂能有效提高秋马铃薯块茎形成期光合能力、叶面积、干物质量及产量,DCD、CP、NBPT分别提高秋马铃薯产量27.2%~437.1%、8.0%~212.8%、24.5%~550.4%。在供试条件下,硝化/脲酶抑制剂能显著提高90~120kg/hm^(2)高施氮水平下秋马铃薯产量,但在30~60 kg/hm^(2)低施氮水平下作用不显著,且在120 kg/hm^(2)氮水平下,硝化/脲酶抑制剂的作用效果为NBPT>DCD>CP。The addition of nitrification/urease inhibitors can achieve the purpose of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency in autumn potato production,which provided the basis for formulating autumn potato farmland nitrogen management measures and fertilizer saving and increasing efficiency strategies in farmland.In this study,a randomized block experiment design was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen application levels of 30,60,90 and 120 kg/hm^(2)on soil mineral nitrogen content,photosynthetic capacity and yield of potatoes by four different ways:N-butyl thiophosphamide(NBPT),dicyandiamide(DCD),2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine(CP),and no added nitrification/urease inhibitors(CK).The results showed that nitrification/urease inhibitors significantly improved photosynthetic capacity,leaf aera and dry matter yield of autumn potato during tuber formation period.DCD,CP and NBPT increased autumn potato yield by 27.2%~437.1%,8.0%~212.8%,24.5%~550.4%,respectively.Nitrification/urease inhibitors significantly increased yield of autumn potatoes under high nitrogen application level of 90~120 kg/hm^(2),but had no significant effect under low nitrogen application level of 30~60 kg/hm^(2).Under the condition of 120 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen,the effect of nitrification/urease inhibitor showed as NBPT>DCD>CP.

关 键 词：硝化/脲酶抑制剂 秋马铃薯 矿质氮 净光合速率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]