沙地滴灌春玉米最适氮磷钾配方施肥研究  

Optimum application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium with drip irrigation for spring maize in sandy soil

作　　者：李利敏[1] 李娟娟 马理辉[3] 高成平 刘思春[1] LI Li-min;LI Juan-juan;MA Li-hui;GAO Cheng-ping;LIU Si-chun(College of Resources&Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;College of Water Resources&Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;Institute for Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;Shenmu Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Shenmu Shaanxi 719300)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]神木市农业技术推广中心,陕西神木719300

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第1期95-100,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山地果园水肥协同与设施农业沼液灌溉技术创新研究与示范(2018CXY-14);沙地枸杞水肥一体化栽培技术研究与示范(2016KTCL02-04)。

摘　　要：探索沙地春玉米(Zea mays L.)最适滴灌施肥方案是提高其产量和生物量积累的有效途径。采用三因素D饱和最优设计试验,研究了不同氮磷钾配方施肥对玉米产量及拔节期、抽雄期和收获期玉米干物质量的影响,结果表明:(1)氮磷钾不同配施可提高产量32.60%~52.90%;产量方程和两因子互作效应分析表明,氮磷钾配施有效提高产量,氮肥增产效果最明显,钾肥其次,磷肥最小,产量随肥料施用量增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势。(2)氮磷钾配施对干物质量和收获指数的影响显著,3个生育期干物质量最大的处理、收获指数最高的处理均为氮磷钾配施处理。(3)在覆膜滴灌条件下,根据对玉米产量及各生育期干物质量分析表明:沙地玉米最佳施肥方案为氮肥240 kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥80 kg·hm^(-2)、钾肥225 kg·hm^(-2)。It is an effective way to improve grain yield and plant biomass by exploring the optimal drip irrigation and fertilization program for sandy spring maize(Zea mays L.).In this paper,the effects of different formula fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on grain yield and quality of maize dry matter in jointing,tasseling and harvesting periods were investigated by using three-factor D-saturated optimal design.The results showed that(1)the grain yield was increased by 32.60%to 52.90%with different formula fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The analysis of yield equation and interaction between two factors showed that combined nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium could improve the grain yield effectively,and that the effect of nitrogen was the most obvious,followed by potassium and phosphorus,and that the grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of applying fertilization.(2)The effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on plant biomass and harvest index was significant.The treatments with the highest dry matter quality and the highest harvest index were formula fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the three growth stages.(3)According to the analysis of maize yield and plant biomass in different growth stages in the condition of drip irrigation under mulching film,the most optimal formula fertilization is nitrogen fertilizer 240 kg·hm^(-2),phosphorus fertilizer 80 kg·hm^(-2)and potassium fertilizer 225 kg·hm^(-2)in sandy land.

关 键 词：覆膜滴灌 春玉米 配方施肥 生物量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S275.6