不同生态区核桃林地肥水管理及土壤肥力差异研究  

Study on the variation of fertilizer and water management and soil fertility of walnut woodland in different ecological regions

作　　者：苗庆选 郭满 马海林[2] 李海云[1] 任爱芝[1] 张演义[1] 井大炜 司东霞[1] MIAO Qing-xuan;GUO Man;MA Hai-lin;LI Hai-yun;REN Ai-zhi;ZHANG Yan-yi;JING Da-wei;SI Dongxia(College of Agricultural Sciences,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng Shandong 252059;Shandong Academy of Forest,Jinan Shandong 250014;College of Resources Environment and Planning,Dezhou University,Dezhou Shandong 253023)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学农学院,山东聊城252059 [2]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [3]德州学院资源环境与规划学院,山东德州253023

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第1期296-302,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山东省林业科技创新项目“不同生态区核桃养分需求规律与调控技术研究”(LYCX08-2018-43);山东省农业科技资金(林业科技创新)项目“林地土壤质量提升关键技术研究与应用”(2019LY009)。

摘　　要：为了解不同生态区核桃林地肥水管理现状和土壤肥力特征的差异,选择山东省山地、山前平原和平原3个生态区的典型核桃生产园进行肥水管理状况调查和土壤肥力评价。结果表明:(1)山地核桃灌水和施肥的农户占比分别为16.7%和29.2%,低于山前平原和平原区,管理粗放;施用化学肥料和有机肥料的农户占比山前平原分别为67.0%、56.0%,平原区分别为80.0%和20%,山地没有有机肥料投入。(2)平原区养分投入总量1603 g/株,分别为山前平原和山地的1.2和10.1倍;平原区养分投入以氮为主,养分投入比例为1.0∶0.5∶0.5,山前平原和山地养分投入磷素最多,其次为氮,钾最少。(3)不同生态区0~20、20~40 cm土层的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、EC和p H等理化指标差异显著;山前平原0~20 cm土层的肥力等级为肥沃,山地20~40 cm土层为贫瘠,土壤肥力综合表现为山前平原>平原>山地。本研究结果可为不同生态区核桃林地进行科学的肥水管理提供参考。In order to understand the variation of fertilization and irrigation status and soil fertility characteristics of walnut woodland in different ecological regions,the typical walnut production orchards in the three ecological regions,mountainous area,piedmont plain and plain,of Shandong province were selected to investigate the status of fertilizer and water management and to evaluate soil fertility.The results showed that:(1)The proportion of farmers who irrigated and fertilized walnuts in the mountainous area was 16.7%and 29.2%,respectively,which were lower than that of in piedmont plain and plain,and management practices were not detailed.The proportion of farmers who applied chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers were 67.0%and 56.0%in the piedmont plain,and 80.0%and 20%in the plain.There was no organic fertilizer input in the mountainous area.(2)The total nutrients input in the plain region was 1603 g/plant,which was 1.2 and 10.1 times that of the piedmont plain and mountainous area,respectively.The nutrients input in the plain region was mainly nitrogen,and the nutrients input ratio was 1.0∶0.5∶0.5.Piedmont plain and mountainous area had the most phosphorus nutrient inputs,followed by nitrogen,and the potassium was the least.(3)The physical and chemical properties of soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,EC,and pH in soil layers of 0~20 and 20~40 cm in different ecological regions were significantly different.The fertility of 0~20 cm soil layer in the piedmont plain was fertile,and the soil layer of 20~40 cm in the mountainous area was poor,and the soil fertility was comprehensively represented by the piedmont plain>plain>mountainous area.The results of this study can provide a reference for scientific water and fertilizer management in walnut woodlands in different ecological regions.

关 键 词：生态区 肥水管理 土壤理化性质 内梅罗指数 土壤肥力综合评价 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学] S158[农业科学—园艺学]