空气动力学距离对标枪运动员运动表现的影响:优秀女子标枪运动员吕会会投掷技术的个案研究  

The Effect of Aerodynamic Distance on the Performance of Javelin Throwers:A Case Study on the Throwing Technique of an Elite Chinese Women Javelin Thrower LYU Huihui

作　　者：吕钢 孙凯扬[3,4] 买毅强 李翰君 刘卉[4] 于冰[1,6] LYU Gang;SUN Kaiyang;MAI Yiqiang;LI Hanjun;LIU Hui;YU Bing(ChineseAthleticAssociation,Beijing 100763,China;Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science,Shanghai 200030,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;The University of North Carolina System,Chapel Hill,NC,USA.)

机构地区：[1]中国田径协会,北京100763 [2]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030 [4]北京体育大学,北京100084 [5]河南理工大学,河南焦作454000 [6]北卡罗莱纳大学,美国北卡罗来纳州

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2021年第1期52-57,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局科技服务项目(2019TJ018);中国田径协会科技服务工作(2020TJ02008)。

摘　　要：目的:确定空气动力学因素对我国优秀标枪运动员吕会会运动表现的影响。方法:通过三维摄像方法采集吕会会2018年4次全国比赛的生物力学数据,分析空气动力学距离对其成绩以及动作技术对其空气动力学距离的影响,通过计算机模拟估算空气动力学距离对投掷成绩的影响,并于2019年春季第一次全国比赛中再次采集研究对象的生物力学数据,验证分析结果和训练效果。结果:1)研究对象的空气动力学距离与真空飞行距离显著线性相关(R2=0.7964,P=0.001),当两者相关系数的平方降低到0.1时,研究对象投出67 m以上成绩的概率增加到17%。2)研究对象的空气动力学距离与出手速度显著线性相关(R2=0.7076,P=0.001),与侧弯角显著线性相关(R2=0.6655,P=0.001),与攻角无显著相关(R2=0.0438,P=0.353)。3)真空飞行距离与出手速度显著线性相关(R2=0.8497,P=0.001),与出手角度和高度无显著相关(R2=0.0121,P=0.644;R2=0.0043,P=0.783)。4)研究对象标枪出手时的侧弯角与出手速度显著线性相关(R2=0.7302,P=0.001)。5)在2019年春季第一次全国比赛中,研究对象的空气动力学距离与出手速度无显著相关(R2=0.0809,P=0.897),5次试投投出一次67.72 m的成绩,概率为20%,与预期结果相似。结论:1)真空飞行距离与空气动力学距离之间的负相关是限制标枪投掷运动表现的因素之一;2)减小真空飞行距离与空气动力学之间的负相关能增加高水平标枪投掷的概率;3)全力投掷中向左拉枪增加标枪出手时的侧弯角和飞行中的侧向震动,会增加真空飞行距离和空气动力学距离的相关性而影响标枪投掷成绩。Objective:To determine the effects of aerodynamic factors on the performance of an elite Chinese women LYU Huihui,an javelin thrower.Methods:The biomechanical data of four national competitions in 2018 were collected by three-dimensional camera method to analyze the influence of aerodynamic distance on its performance and action technology on its aerodynamic distance,the influence of aerodynamic distance on throwing results was estimated by computer simulation,and the biomechanical data of the subjects were collected again in the first national competition in the spring of 2019 to verify the analysis results and training effect.Results:The aerodynamic distance and the vacuum flight distance of the objects were significantly correlated(R2=0.7964,P=0.001),the probability of the thrower throw over 67 m increased to 17%as the square of the correlation coefficient was reduced to 0.1.2)The aerodynamic distance was significantly correlated to the release speed(R2=0.7076,P=0.001),and it was also significantly correlated to the javelin side bending angle at release(R2=0.6655,P=0.001),and there was no significant correlation with attack angle(R2=0.0438,P=0.353).3)Vacuum flight distance was significantly correlated to release speed(R2=0.8497,P=0.001)and there was no significant correlation with the push angle and height(R2=0.0121,P=0.644;R2=0.0043,P=0.783).4)There was a significant correlation between the javelin side bending angle at release and release speed(R2=0.7302,P=0.001).5)In the first national competition in spring 2019,there was no significant correlation between aerodynamic distance and release speed(R2=0.0809,P=0.897).5)The probability was 20%,which was similar to the expected result of the athletes cast 67.72 m in 5 trials.Conclusions:1)The negative correlation between aerodynamic distance and vacuum flight distance is one of the factors that limits the performance of the javelin throw;2)reducing the negative correlation between aerodynamic distance and vacuum flight distance could increase the probability of h

关 键 词：空气动力学距离 标枪侧弯角 出手速度 投掷成绩 生物力学随机模型 

分 类 号：G824.3[文化科学—体育训练]