法律儒家化、卡迪司法与礼法融合的嵌入式规范结构  

Confucianization of Law,Khadi Justice and the Embedded Normative Structure of the Fusion of Law and Rite

作　　者：李勤通 LI Qintong(Hunan University Law School)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院

出　　处：《社会》2021年第2期167-191,共25页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：国家社科基金后期项目“岳麓秦简所见秦代司法实践及其后的转型”(18FFX009)的支持。

摘　　要：法律儒家化是中国式卡迪司法模式形成的基础。法律儒家化的结果是礼法融合,并推动嵌入式规范结构的形成,其基本结构为“行为→礼/罪→教化/刑罚”,在实践中又可转化为“行为→礼→教化”“行为→礼→刑罚”“行为→罪→教化”“行为→罪→刑罚”等四种次级形态。法律儒家化并不排斥以“行为→罪→刑罚”的法家形式所展开的依法裁判模式,但对另外三种次级结构呈开放性。法律儒家化前后,司法实践形态差异很大。中国传统司法呈现双重性,有强烈的卡迪司法特征,但又无法完全以之概括。伴随着法律儒家化,司法官吏的知识结构、法律规范的弹性结构等共同推动情、理、法裁判模式的出现,这种模式本质上属于嵌入式规范结构的具体形态。The proposition of Confucianization of law put forward by QU Tongzu is inherently related to Marx Weber’s evaluation of traditional Chinese law concerning Khadi Justice.Confucianization of law was the basis for the formation of the Chinese Khadi Justice model.The result of Confucianization of law was the fusion of ritual and law,and the formation of the embedded normative structure of“behavior→rite/crime→moralization/pu nishment”.In practice,this normative structure could be transformed into the four secondary forms,namely,“behavior→rite→moralization”,“behavior→rite→punishment”,“behavior→crime→moralization”,and“behavior→crime→punishment”.The introduction of rituals into law helped instill Confucian principles into legal provisions,therefor,the implementation of law could be regarded as upholding Confucian ideas.Legalist Confucianism did not exclude legal adjudication in the form of“behavior→crime→punishment”,and was open to the other three secondary structures.The Chinese judicial practice was quite different prior to the Confucianization of law.Judicial practice used to apply strict formal trials,and laws were used to exclude any influence of ethics;however,after the Confucianization of law,judicial practice possessed the elements of both formal and substantive trials,and the openness of the embedded structure made it possible to be trialed by non-legal means.As a result,all four secondary forms could be found in judicial practice.Khadi Justice had a high degree of political acceptance and judicial practicality,however,it could not completely replace formal trials.While traditional Chinese judiciary presented duality with strong Khadi Justice characteristics,this feature did not sum up all.Confucianization of law was closely related to the change of the knowledge structure of judicial officials,and the flexible structure of legal norms.These elements jointly promoted the emergence of a judicial model that integrated sentimental,rational and legal judgments,which,

关 键 词：法律儒家化 卡迪司法 嵌入式规范结构 依法裁判 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]