社会决定抑或身材筛选?社会经济地位与肥胖的性别化因果关系  

Social Determination or Body Shape Selection?The Gendered Causal Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity

作　　者：吴菲[1] WU Hania Fei(Department of Sociology,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2021年第2期218-242,共25页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：复旦大学“双一流”学科重点项目“面向社会转型与治理的社会学理论和方法创新平台”的一项成果。

摘　　要：已有众多研究揭示了社会经济地位与肥胖关系的性别差异:对女性来说,社会经济地位越高,肥胖的可能性越低;对男性来说,社会经济地位越高越可能肥胖。这种性别化的相关关系可能有两种来源:“社会决定假设”认为社会经济地位是肥胖的根本性原因,因果方向由社会经济地位指向肥胖;相反,“健康选择假设”认为劳动力市场会根据人们的身材进行筛选,因果方向由肥胖指向社会经济地位。本文旨在借助CFPS2010、2012、2014、2016数据的成人样本,使用动态结构方程模型检验社会经济地位与肥胖之间的因果关系及其性别异质性,以区分“社会决定”和“身材筛选”两种假设在男性和女性中的相对影响。分析结果证实了社会经济地位与肥胖的因果关系有明显的性别差异:对男性而言,已有研究中发现的正向相关同时来自“社会决定”和“身材筛选”过程;对女性而言,已有研究中的负向相关主要来自“身材筛选”过程。Numerous studies have revealed the gender difference in the relationship between socioeconomic status(SES)and obesity:for women,the higher the SES,the lower the likelihood of obesity;for men,the higher the SES,the more likely it is to be obese.According to the“social determination hypothesis”,this gendered correlation can be attributed to people’s SES,the fundamental cause of obesity.The causal relation presents a direction from SES to obesity.On the contrary,the“health selection hypothesis”proposes that the labor market makes discriminatory selection based on people’s body size.As a result,the causal relation is from obesity to SES.This study aims to examine the above mentioned gendered causal relationship between SES and obesity.Specifically,the fixed effects model and the dynamic structural equation model are applied to address the two major challenges of casualty establishment:confounding bias and reciprocal/reverse causality.The analysis based on longitudinal data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)of 2010,2012,2014 and 2016 suggests a clear gendered causal pattern:for men,the positive association between SES and obesity results from both social determination and health selection hypotheses:higher SES likely leads to weight gain in two years;while higher BMI is also related to SES achievement in two years.For women,however,the negative correlation is mainly due to the health selection process:higher BMI seems to significantly reduce individual SES after two years.

关 键 词：健康不平等 肥胖 因果关系 性别差异 交叉滞后面板模型 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]