20世纪50年代初期新区乡村干部群体发展的涌现与流动机制——以农民协会为考察中心  

The“Emergence and Flow”Mechanism of Rural Cadre Group Development in the Early 1950s——An Investigation of Farmers Associations

作　　者：何志明 HE Zhiming(School of Marxism,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学马克思主义学院,成都610207

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期72-87,共16页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BDJ054);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金西部项目(19XJC770006)。

摘　　要：20世纪50年代初期,乡村干部匮乏是新区建政面临的普遍问题,并一度对新政权的正常运行产生消极影响。征粮、减租退押、土地改革等运动中逐步组建的农代会和农协会,为新式乡村干部群体的大量涌现提供了重要契机。通过在大会上组织"诉苦"是发动农民改变"宿命论"和"变天"思想顾虑的重要手段,而在诉苦过程中涌现出的积极分子,往往成为农协会早期的骨干成员。因任务紧迫,一些农协会领导职务在早期往往被阶级成分和道德品质存在瑕疵的乡村社会成员所占据。随着减租退押和土改等运动的深入开展,针对这些成员的人事轮替也随之发动,新发现的贫雇农积极分子顺势填补他们的位置,使此时期乡村干部群体呈现了较明显的流动现象。在这一过程中,运动式治理手段与阶级斗争学说的高度耦合,最终形成此时期乡村干部群体发展的涌现与流动机制,为乡村社会新的权势转移奠定了重要基础。In the early 1950 s,severe shortage of rural cadres was a common problem in the establishment of local governments in newly liberated areas of Southern China,which even posed impediments to their normal operation.Farmer representative conferences and farmers associations,which gradually came into being in the movements of grain requisition,rent and deposit reduction and land reform,created opportunities for new rural cadres to emerge in large number.Organizing farmers to"vent their grievances"at these meetings became an important means of mobilizing farmers to change their mindset of"fatalism"or"restoration of reactionary rule".It was during this process of grievance venting that active participants were transformed into the backbones of farmers associations.Due to the rash decision at the early stage of farmers associations,some leading positions of the associations were often occupied by those whose class status and moral quality were flawed.With the advancement of such movements as rent and deposit reduction and the land reform,personnel replacement was launched.Seizing the momentum,the newly booming enthusiasts who were usually poor farmers or farmer laborers replaced those flawed,thus presenting a clear picture of rural cadre flow.In this process,a close coupling between governmental means of movements and theories of class struggle eventually prompted the"emergence and flow"mechanism of rural cadre group development in this period,laying an important foundation for the power transfer to the new regime in the rural society.

关 键 词：20世纪50年代初期 新区 乡村干部 涌现与流动机制 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]