浅析日本“登月型”研发制度  

Analysis of Moonshot Research and Development Program in Japan

作　　者：朱相丽[1,2] 王溯 董瑜[1,2] ZHU Xiangli;WANG Su;DONG Yu(National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Department of Library,Information and Archives Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院图书情报与档案管理系,北京100190

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2021年第1期111-118,共8页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：中国科学院文献情报能力建设专项“科技强国创新战略”(E0290415)。

摘　　要：日本出于对国际研发投资的危机感,尤其是对美国、欧洲和中国的高度关注,2019年初启动了旨在复兴科技创新立国的新项目——“登月型”研发制度。该制度目标宏伟,一旦实现将对未来产业和社会产生巨大冲击,并可能改变未来社会体系。本文重点梳理了该制度的出台背景、主要研究任务和目标、项目总体方案及推进制度、研发项目的实施与评价、经费管理等相关内容,归纳总结出该制度的四个重要特征:从解决未来日本国内外社会可能出现的问题角度,提出了面向2050年的研发目标;研究内容强调挑战性、突破性及成果的应用转化;实行项目经理制度,给予项目经理充分的自主权;在项目执行过程中实施严格规范的评价制度。最后,本文提出了如下建议:宏观层面,国家可超前部署一批问题解决型的中长期科技专项;微观层面,科技计划的项目管理可尝试推行项目经理制度,科技计划的过程管理则可实施第三方独立评估,避免资助方、执行方形成利益共同体,更好促进科研计划的实施与成果的推广。Due to the sense of crisis in international R&D Investment,especially the high concern of the U.S.,Europe and China,Japan launched a new program called“Moonshot”Research and Development Program in early 2019.The program has ambitious goals,and it may have a huge impact on the future industry and society and change the future social system.This article focuses on the background,the main research tasks and objectives,the promotion system,the implementation and evaluation of R&D projects and fund management of the program,and summarizes the four important characteristics of the program:1)From the point of view of solving the problems that may appear in Japan and other countries in the future,it puts forward R&D goals for 2050;2)the content of program emphasizes the challenge,breakthrough and application trans-formation of the results;3)the project manager system is implemented,endowing the project manager with full autonomy;and 4)the project is implemented with a strict and standardized evaluation system.Finally,this article puts forward the following suggestions:At the macro-level,China may advance the deployment of a number of problem-solving,medium-and long-term science and technology projects.At the micro level,project manager system could be tested and applied in the.management of S&T programs;and independent evaluation by third parties could be adopted in the process management of the program to avoid the formation of a community of interests between the sponsors and the executives,and to better pro-mote the implementation of programs and the application of research achievements.

关 键 词：登月型研发制度 项目管理 项目评估 项目经理 

分 类 号：F131.3[经济管理—世界经济]