纳米氧化锌对绿草履虫的毒性效应研究  

Study on Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles to Paramecium bursaria

作　　者：高希蕾 巩志伟 谭炳钰 倪兵[1] GAO Xilei;GONG Zhiwei;TAN Bingyu;NI Bing(School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学物理与电子科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期65-72,83,共9页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31672249)。

摘　　要：纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)被广泛应用于医药材料等领域,但不适当的排放会给水生生态环境带来安全隐患.本研究用ZnO NPs对单细胞真核生物绿草履虫(Paramecium bursaria)的急性和慢性毒理进行测试,结合电镜技术、荧光技术以及酶活力测定、DHE荧光探针技术对ZnO NPs的致毒机制进行探索.结果显示ZnO NPs对绿草履虫的24h-LC50和24h-EC50分别为0.39mg/L和0.04mg/L,与其他受试动物相比较为敏感.超微结构显示ZnO NPs可对绿草履虫细胞表膜、刺丝泡、线粒体和细胞核等结构造成损伤.酶活力和荧光探针等结果推测ZnO NPs可能是通过诱导活性氧的积累使绿草履虫遭受氧化胁迫继而死亡.另外,ZnO NPs的解离度与锌离子的毒性测定结果表明锌离子是ZnO NPs导致绿草履虫死亡的主要因素,因此通过改性以抑制ZnO NPs的溶解度可以提高纳米材料使用的安全性.ZnO NPs has wide application because of its special physical and chemical properties.However,which discharged into water randomly will cause safety hazards to the aquatic environment.This study selected Paramecium bursaria,a single-celled eukaryote,as the subjects to determinate 24h-LC50 and 24h-EC50 to measure the toxicity of ZnO NPs to P.bursaria.The toxicity mechanism of ZnO NPs to P.bursaria was explored by means of electron microscopy,fluorescence microscopy,enzyme activity assay and DHE fluorescent probe.The results showed that the 24h-LC50 and 24h-EC50 was 0.39 mg/L and 0.04 mg/L,respectively.Compared with other animals,P.bursaria was more sensitive to ZnO NPs.The results of electron microscopy showed that the structural impairment of P.bursaria mainly reflected in surface membrane,mitochondria and nuclear structure and the digestion of trichocysts.The results of enzyme activity assay and DHE fluorescent probe indicated that ZnO NPs influence P.bursaria through the accumulation of free radicals and suffered cells to oxidative stress.In addition,the degree of dissociation of ZnO NPs in water and the toxicity of zinc ions to P.bursaria indicated that zinc ions were the main cause of death of P.bursaria in high ZnO NPs concentration.Which indicated that to inhibit solubility by modifying ZnO NPs could be a breakthrough to improve the safety of ZnO NPs.

关 键 词：纳米氧化锌 绿草履虫 超微结构 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]