张之洞与清末立宪补论——以《张总督松平顾问立宪问答》为中心  

A Supplementary Discussion on Zhang Zhidong’s Attitudes and Actual Actions on Constitution in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：孙宏云[1] Sun Hongyun

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系,广州510275

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2021年第2期109-118,255,共11页Social Sciences in Guangdong

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“清末日本对华教育活动研究”(项目号17BZS076)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1905年张之洞聘请日人松平康国担任政法顾问,之后曾就立宪和官制改革问题向松平咨询。后者主张中国借鉴日本和英国的历史经验,逐步推进立宪;官制改革先京官后外官,裁撤军机处和内阁,设立责任内阁。张之洞不仅反对实行责任内阁制,对于地方官制改革方案也颇多驳议,但他并不反对立宪,主张稳健推进,则又与松平康国的意见基本一致。事实上张之洞也长期务实地从事着立宪的准备工作,包括开办仕学院以开官智,聘请政法顾问咨询立宪改制事宜。张之洞对于立宪的理解并非成于朝夕之间,而是通过接触各种渠道的信息而形成的,松平康国的角色即为其中之一因素。In 1905,Governor Zhang Zhidong hired Japanese Matsdaira Yasukuni as his political and legal adviser.After that,Zhang Zhidong consulted Matsdaira on the issue of government reform.The latter advocated that China should actively prepare for the establishment of a constitutional government,learn from the historical experience of Japan and the United Kingdom,and gradually advance;the reform of the official system should begin with the central government and then be carried out to the local government,dismantle the Grand Council of State and Cabinet,and reorganize the responsible cabinet.Zhang Zhidong not only opposed the implementation of the responsible cabinet system,but also refuted the reform plan of the local government system.However,he did not oppose the constitution and advocated steady progress,which was basically consistent with Matsudaira Yasukuni’s views.In fact,Zhang Zhidong had been engaged in constitutional preparations for a long period of time,including setting up a school to train officials with new knowledge,and hiring consultants as consultants on constitutional reforms.Zhang Zhidong’s understanding of the constitutionalism was not made overnight,but was formed by contacting various channels of information.Matsudaira Yasukuni’s role is one of the factors.

关 键 词：张之洞 松平康国 政法顾问 立宪 

分 类 号：K257.5[历史地理—历史学]