炸药的不完全起爆对其水下爆炸特性的影响  

Effect of Incomplete Detonation of Explosives on its Underwater Explosion Characteristics

作　　者：孟龙[1] 黄瑞源[1] 王金相[1] 秦健[1,2] 刘亮涛 MENG Long;HUANG Rui-yuan;WANG Jin-xiang;QIN Jian;LIU Liang-tao(National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Naval Research Academy,Beijing 100161,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学瞬态物理国家重点实验室,江苏210094 [2]海军研究院,北京100161

出　　处：《爆破》2021年第1期124-133,共10页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11402266、11672138、11802001);装备预研基金项目(61426040403162604005、614260404021801);中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速碰撞研究中心开放基金(20190303)。

摘　　要：在2 m×2 m×2 m水箱中分别采用两种引爆方式对2.5 g、5 g和10 g圆柱形装药TNT进行了水下爆炸实验,得到了不同工况下冲击波和气泡脉动的压力时程曲线以及相应的气泡脉动过程。实验结果表明:使用电雷管对主装药进行引爆时,炸药并未完全起爆,冲击波峰值压力均小于经验公式计算得到的理论值,二者间平均误差为25.92%;而使用电雷管以及传爆药柱对主装药进行引爆后,炸药完全起爆,冲击波峰值压力与经验公式间的平均误差降低至4.37%,且整体较为稳定。在此基础上,对比两种引爆方式下的各项爆炸特性,发现炸药的不完全起爆会导致其爆炸后的气泡脉动周期和气泡膨胀最大半径有所减小,冲击波峰值压力、冲击波能以及气泡能明显降低,但对气泡脉动峰值压力的影响并不明显。In a 2 m×2 m×2 m water tank,two detonation methods were used to conduct underwater explosion experiments on 2.5 g,5 g and 10 g cylindrical TNT charges.The pressure-time history curves with corresponding responses of shock wave and bubble pulsation under different working conditions were obtained.The experimental results showed that when the main charge was detonated by an electric detonator,the explosive was not completely detonated,and the peak pressure of the shock wave was less than the theoretical value calculated by the empirical formula,with the average error of 25.92%among them.After the main charge detonated by an electric detonator and a booster grain,the explosive was completely detonated,and the average error between of the peak shock pressure obtained from the experiment and the empirical formula was reduced to 4.37%,which was relatively stable overall.Comparing the data of the two detonation methods,it is found that when the explosive is not fully detonated,the bubble pulsation period and the maximum bubble expansion radius are reduced,and the peak wave pressure,shock wave energy and bubble energy are decreased obviously,but the effect on the peak pressure of bubble pulsation is not obvious.

关 键 词：水下爆炸 引爆方式 冲击波 气泡脉动 传爆药柱 

分 类 号：TQ560.72[化学工程—炸药化工]