江门地区青春期女性性与生殖健康的知信行调查及教育需求分析  

A Survey of Adolescent Women's on Knowledge,Attitude and Practice Sexual and Reproductive Health and An Analysis of Their Educational Needs in Jiangmen

作　　者：朱少萍 伍洁莹[1] 覃钰纯[1] ZHU Shaoping;WU Jieying;QIN Yuchun(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Jiangmen Guangdong 529000,China)

机构地区：[1]江门市妇幼保健院妇产科,广东江门529000

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2021年第4期20-24,共5页China Health Standard Management

基　　金：江门市科技计划项目(2020YLD016)。

摘　　要：目的探究江门地区青春期女性性与生殖健康的知信行调查及教育需求分析。方法采用整群抽样及随机抽样的方式,选择2020年4—9月在江门市中学、大中专学校就读的2 500名青春期少女(10~19岁)和300名在本院妇女保健科、计划生育科就诊的青春期少女(10~19岁)岁进行问卷调查,调查内容包括性与生殖健康认知现状,性与生殖健康的相关态度、性与生殖健康相关行为、月经状态,体质方面、心理状况、获取性知识的渠道和需求等。结果江门地区青春期女性针对生殖健康、生理知识、性保健、避孕、性病预防5个类别的知晓率分别为14.93%、26.61%、36.71%、56.75%、63.75%;对手淫、婚前性行为、未婚先孕、人工流产的认可率分别为12.79%、26.46%、8.86%、3.11%;发生性行为的比率为23.14%,避孕的方式以安全套及体外排精为主,无避孕行为的占8.95%,非意愿妊娠并流产发生率为54.94%,重复人工流产率为19.60%。目前获取性与生殖健康教育和医疗服务的主要途径为网络(44.54%)及医生(59.93%),而期望获取途径为医生(80.25%)及学校(76.61%);月经来潮2 058名青春期女性中月经周期不规则率、月经经前期或经期下腹痛率、经前期综合征率、内分泌失调率、多囊卵巢综合征率分别为43.54%、60.59%、85.96%、20.65%、2.04%;高雄激素的临床表现率、BMI异常率、血压异常率分别为3.36%、33.82%、0.86%;江门地区青春期女性焦虑、抑郁发生率分别为12.64%、18.71%。结论江门地区青春期女性对性与生殖健康认认知水平普遍较低,对生理健康及避孕节育等知识均需求较大,学校及医护人员应更加注重性与生殖健康的教育,引导青少年女性建立正确的性观念。Objective To explore the knowledge,attitude and practice and educational needs of adolescent women about sexual and reproductive health in Jiangmen.Methods By using cluster sampling and random sampling way,chose,secondary school 2500 adolescent girls(10 to 19 years old)in Jiangmen city middle school and 300 adolescent girls(aged 10 to 19 years of age)in our hospital Department of Women Health Care,family planning clinic from April to September 2020 were chosen,the questionnaire survey was used to investigate content including sex and reproductive health cognition status,sex and reproductive health related attitudes,sex and reproductive health related behaviors,menstrual status,physical aspect,psychological condition,the channels of access to knowledge and requirements,etc.Results The awareness rates of reproductive health,physiological knowledge,sexual health care,contraception and STD prevention among adolescent women in Jiangmen were 14.93%,26.61%,36.71%,56.75%and 63.75%,respectively.The approval rates of masturbation,premarital sex,unmarried pregnancy and induced abortion were 12.79%,26.46%,8.86%and 3.11%,respectively.The rate of sexual intercourse was 23.14%.The main contraceptive methods were condom and external ejaculation,8.95%of them had no contraceptive behavior,54.94%of them had unwanted pregnancy and abortion,and 19.60%of them had repeated induced abortion.At present,the main access to sexual and reproductive health education and medical services is through the Internet(44.54%)and doctors(59.93%),while the desired access is through doctors(80.25%)and schools(76.61%).Among 2058 adolescent women with menstruation,the rates of irregular menstrual cycle,premenstrual or lower abdominal pain,premenstrual syndrome,endocrine disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome were 43.54%,60.59%,85.96%,20.65%,2.04%,respectively.The abnormal rates of clinical manifestation,body mass index(BMI)and blood pressure were 3.36%,33.82%,0.86%,respectively.The incidence of anxiety and depression was 12.64%,18.71%,respectively.Conclu

关 键 词：青春期 知信行 生殖健康 健康教育 问卷调查 多囊卵巢综合征 教育需求 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]