春季休牧对三江源区藏嵩草草甸植被群落特征与物种多样性的影响  

Effects of Non-Spring Grazing on Vegetation Characteristics and Species Diversity of Kobresiapygmaea Meadow in Source Region of Three Rivers

作　　者：谢乐乐 王晓丽[1] 马玉寿[1] 王彦龙[1] 罗少辉 秦金萍 周选博 XIE Le-le(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, 810016 Xining)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,三江源区高寒草地生态省部共建教育部重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2021年第1期11-16,22,共7页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目-课题4(2016YEC0501904);青海省重点研发与转化计划—科技成果转化项目(2018-SF-137);国家自然科学基金—青年项目(31700454);青海省自然科学基金青年项目(2018-ZJ-939Q);青海三江源生态保护与建设二期工程科研和推广项目(2019-S-1)。

摘　　要：为深入探讨春季休牧对三江源区藏嵩草草甸植被特征的影响,2017年5~6月,课题组在青海省果洛藏族自治州玛沁县大武镇的冬春草场上进行为期50d的返青期休牧试验研究,同年8月中旬对植物生长状况进行调查。结果表明:休牧以后,草地的总盖度和地上总生物量分别增加了23%和58.6%(P<0.05);莎草科和禾本科牧草的重要值均有明显增加,其中藏嵩草、华扁穗和发草分别增加了17%、75%和59%;以发草为代表的禾本科植株的平均高度增加了103%(P<0.05);阔叶型可食草的地上生物量增加了58.62%(P>0.05);毒害草的生长明显受到了抑制,其地上生物量下降了61.53%(P<0.05)。休牧后,植物的丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数下降,而Simpson指数和均匀度指数上升。因此,本课题组认为春季休牧可以有效的提高三江源区高寒草地生产力,达到生产和生态双赢的效果。In order to exploration the impact of no-spring grazing on the vegetation characteristics and species diversity of Tibetan Kobresia meadows in the source region of the Three Rivers,the study was conducted on the winter-spring pastures in Dawu Town,MaqinCounty,Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.The experiment period was from May to June in2017 for a 50-day trial of no-spring grazing in the spring,and the field observation was conducted during the peak growing season in August of the same year.The test results showed that after no-spring grazing,the total coverage and total biomass of the grassland increased by 23%and 58.6%(P<0.05)respectively.The important values of Cyperaceae and Gramineae forage grasses increased significantly,among which Kobresiahumilis,Huabian spike and Hair grass increased by 17%,75%and 59%respectively.The height of grass plants increased by 103%(P<0.05).The biomass of broad-leaved edible grasses increased by 58.62%(P>0.05),the growth of poisonous grass was significantly inhibited,and the biomass decreased by 61.53%(P<0.05).In addition,the richness index and Shannon-Wiener index decreased,while the Simpson index and evenness index increased.Therefore,it is believed that the no-spring grazing in spring can effectively improve the productivity of grasslands and achieve a win-win effect in production and ecology.

关 键 词：三江源区 藏嵩草草甸 春季休牧 群落特征 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]