生物炭环境应用过程中的生态和健康风险研究进展  

Advances in ecological and health risks of biochar during environmental applications

作　　者：秦雅鑫 李桂英[1] 安太成[1] 杨志峰 Yaxin Qin;Guiying Li;Taicheng An;Zhifeng Yang(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Institute of Environmental&Ecological Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学环境健康与污染控制研究院,环境科学与工程学院,广东省环境催化与健康风险控制重点实验室,广州市环境催化与污染控制重点实验室,广州510006 [2]广东工业大学环境生态工程研究院,广州510006

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第1期5-20,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41425015,41807347,U1901210);中国博士后基金(2017M612609)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,生物炭在改良土壤、提高土壤肥力、吸附去除土壤污染物以及固碳减排等多个领域中均表现出极大潜力并引起科学研究者的广泛关注,但是生物炭的大量施用可能会带来许多潜在风险.本文系统综述了近年来国内外关于生物炭在环境应用方面的研究报道,重点讨论了生物炭在土壤改良、环境污染修复和应对全球气候变化中的应用价值和现实意义.同时总结了大量施用生物炭可能造成的环境危害和生态风险,及其对动植物生长和土壤微生物活性的影响,并系统分析了生物炭生产和使用过程中可能造成的健康风险,以期为生物炭的应用与环境效应评估提供更加有效的环境健康评估信息,为其安全有效综合利用提供科学参考.Biochar is a carbon-rich material synthesized through pyrolysis of biomass residues under the oxygen-limited conditions,which exhibited high specific surface area and abundant surface oxygen-containing functional groups.It widely existed in natural environment(such as soil,sediments,and rivers)and played important roles in various biogeochemical processes,nutrient availability,migration and transformation of chemicals.As a new kind of functional material,biochar has been well studied in numerous areas,including energy,materials,catalysis,and environmental applications.In recent years,the environmental applications of biochar have received considerable attention due to their low cost,high sorption capacity,and geological abundance.Numerous previous studies have reported that biochar possessed nutrient elements to enhance the soil fertility and exhibited promising adsorption capacity to remove organic and inorganic pollutants.However,recent studies indicated that the large-scale application of biochar also resulted in numerous potential environmental risks,for example,releasing inorganic and organic pollutants.Therefore,in this paper,we systemically review the application potential and significance of biochar in diverse sectors,including global climate change,environmental pollution remediation and soil amendment.Biochar has a long lifetime in soil varying from hundreds to thousands of years,and thus improves the carbon sequestration.For the abundant nutrient elements(such as N,P,K,Ca),large pore volume and surface area,biochar could effectively improve the fertility of soil.Meanwhile,biochar exhibited promising adsorption capacity to remove heavy metal ions and organic contaminants due to its high surface areas and abundant functional groups.The main adsorption mechanisms of heavy metal ions by biochar include ion exchange,complexation,coprecipitation,and electrostatic effects.While theπ-electron donor-acceptor interactions,electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,and hydrophobic eff

关 键 词：生物炭 环境应用 生态健康风险 重金属 有机污染物 环境持久性自由基 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4