生物作用对海岸带泥沙运动的影响  

The roles of biological factors in coastal sediment transport:A review

作　　者：龚政[1] 陈欣迪[1,2] 周曾 葛冉[1] 陈雪 余锡平 张长宽[1] Zheng Gong;Xindi Chen;Zeng Zhou;Ran Ge;Xue Chen;Xiping Yu;Changkuan Zhang(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security,HoHai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室,南京210098 [2]清华大学水利水电工程系,水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第1期53-62,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(51925905);国家自然科学基金(41976156)资助。

摘　　要：海岸带泥沙运动输移及海岸地貌演变规律是海岸带海陆相互作用研究中重要的科学问题.海岸带地区丰富而活跃的生物因子与泥沙颗粒相互影响,赋予了泥沙颗粒“生物特性”,深化了对传统海岸泥沙运动力学的认知,相关研究正逐渐成为研究热点.本文针对海岸带泥沙运动中的生物作用,结合国内外文献,综述了植物、底栖动物、微生物等生物因子在海岸带地区的分布特征、对海岸泥沙运动的贡献及其作用方式.目前,生物作用对海岸泥沙运动影响的研究尚处于发展阶段,大多为宏观层面的定性成果,尚未形成完整的理论体系,海岸泥沙与生物相互作用的机理研究、泥沙运动及地貌演变预测模型的建立应成为今后研究的重点.Coastal sediment transport and geomorphological evolution are important scientific focuses in the research field of landocean interaction.The feedback between various factors such as hydrodynamics,extreme climate conditions,biological effects,human activities results in complex ecological and environmental characteristics and poses a great challenge to the development and protection of coastal areas.Closely related to the evolution of coastal geomorphology,the stability of coastal sediment is mainly affected by sediment properties and associated dynamics.Traditionally,it is considered that the change of sediment characteristics and dynamics is greatly driven by physico-chemical factors such as particle size distribution,water content and mineral composition and so on.However,the impact of various active biological factors is generally neglected.Over the past decades,with the deepening understanding of coastal ecological environment,more attention has been paid to the critical roles of biological factors in coastal systems.A large amount of field observation data and laboratory-controlled experiments demonstrated that organisms inhabiting coastal areas contribute a lot to sediment erosion,transportation,deposition,consolidation processes in direct or indirect ways.For example,the cohesion between sediment particles could be increased by microorganisms through secreting extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)so as to enhance sediment stability;salt-tolerant vegetation has an ability to improve the stability of the sediment bed by capacity of sediment retention and reducing hydrodynamic force;the structure of sediment bed could be destroyed by coastal benthos through feeding and burrowing,which would lead to the failure of the bed.On the one hand,these multiple biological effects endow sediment particles with“biological characteristics”,gradually modifying sediment characteristics and sediment dynamics;on the other hand,they try to strengthen or weaken external erosive forces by remolding sedimentary or dynamic

关 键 词：海岸带 泥沙的生物稳定性 海岸植被 底栖动物 潮滩微生物 

分 类 号：TV148[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] P737.1[天文地球—海洋地质]