云南省2004至2019年急性职业中毒特征分析  

Analysis on the characteristics of acute occupational poisoning events in Yunnan,2004-2019

作　　者：郑艳[1] 张永昌[1] 何继波[1] 邢漪[1] 彭霞[1] Zheng Yan;Zhang Yongchang;He Jibo;Xing Yi;Peng Xia(Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,昆明650022

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2021年第1期48-50,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的分析云南省急性职业中毒流行病学特征,为制定全省的急性职业中毒防控措施提供依据。方法于2019年12月,收集云南省2004至2019年报告的急性职业中毒事件信息,对事件流行病学分布、事件分级、行业特点、毒物种类和中毒原因等要素进行描述性分析。结果云南省2004至2019年累计报告47起急性职业中毒事件,中毒病例562例,死亡51例(病死率为9.07%)。报告事件数最多的地区为昆明市和曲靖市,分别为12起(25.53%)和10起(21.28%);以较大级别的事件居多(31起,65.96%),行业主要分布在化工(19起,40.43%)和冶金业(15起,31.91%)。引起中毒最多的毒物是一氧化碳(10起,21.28%)和砷化氢(9起,19.15%),导致中毒的主要原因包括未使用个人防护设备或设备效果不好(25起,53.19%)、未制定或违反安全操作规程(15起,31.91%)。结论云南省急性职业中毒事件时有发生,病死率较高,应对重点地区和重点行业加强监管。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute occupational poisoning in Yunnan province,so as to provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures of acute occupational poisoning in Yunnan province.Methods In December 2019,the information of acute occupational poisoning events reported in Yunnan province from 2004 to 2019 was collected,and the epidemiological distribution,event classification,industry characteristics,poison types and poisoning causes were analyzed.Results A total of 47 acute occupational poisoning incidents were reported in Yunnan province from 2004 to 2019,with 562 poisoning cases and 51 deaths(case fatality rate of 9.07%).The regions with the largest number of reported incidents were Kunming and Qujing,with 12 incidents(25.53%)and 10 incidents(21.28%)respectively;The majority of incidents was relatively large(31 incidents,65.96%),and the industry was mainly distributed in the chemical industry(19 incidents,40.43%)and metallurgy(15 incidents,31.91%).The most poisonous poisons were carbon monoxide(10 incidents,21.28%)and arsine(9 incidents,19.15%).The main causes of poisoning included not using personal protective equipment or poor equipment(25 incidents,53.19%),failure to formulate or violate safety operating procedures(15 incidents,31.91%).Conclusion Acute occupational poisoning incidents occur from time to time in Yunnan province,and the fatality rate is high.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of key areas and industries.

关 键 词：中毒 职业暴露 流行病学分布 病死率 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]