中日两国水痘及其疫苗接种管理的比较与启示  

Comparison and enlightenment of varicella vaccination management between China and Japan

作　　者：李星辉[1] 李梦颖 钟天艺 付朝伟[1] 王颖[1] LI Xinghui;LI Mengying;ZHONG Tianyi;FU Chaowei;WANG Ying(School of Public Health,Fudan University/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education of PR.China,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,复旦大学/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室,公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2021年第2期293-297,共5页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：联合国儿童基金会资助项目(005-MCH-MIS)。

摘　　要：水痘对儿童生命安全影响巨大,有关水痘疫苗的相关管理尤为重要。当前中国水痘疫苗作为非免疫规划疫苗,实行自愿接种,相关管理较为落后。本文通过查阅国内外知名的文献数据库及国内外政府部门相关网站,获取相关资料进行整理。选取2014年从自愿接种转变为常规接种的日本作为参考,对中日两国的水痘疫情监测系统、发病水平、接种策略、接种率等方面进行对比分析。本文发现国内水痘监测报告信息系统建设较日本好,但是监测策略有待完善,水痘流行病学研究相对落后;日本将水痘疫苗接种纳入常规免疫后发病水平显著下降,而国内水痘疫苗接种策略落后,接种水平低,发病水平高,亟待改善疫苗接种策略。Children’s lives are greatly threatened by varicella,and varicella vaccine management is particularly important.At present,as a non-planning immunity vaccine which is vaccined voluntarily,varicella vaccine management is still relatively backward in China.We looked over relating famous literature databases and websites of the relating governmental departments in domestic and abroad,and a great deal of relating documentations were sorted out.The authors selected Japan as a reference to compare and analyze the varicella vaccine management in China in terms of varicella epidemic surveillance system,incidence level,vaccination strategy and vaccination rate.We found that the monitoring system in China was better than that in Japan,but the monitoring strategy in China needs to be improved,which resulted in lagging behind in research on varicella epidemiology.In addition,the incidence of varicella in Japan has significantly reduced,after the varicella vaccine was included into routine immunization.However,the varicella vaccination strategy in China is lagging behind,with a low vaccination coverage and high morbidity,improvement in the vaccination strategy is needed urgently in China.

关 键 词：水痘 疫苗 水痘发病率 接种策略 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]