长三角地区一次区域污染过程中细颗粒物的来源解析及其光学特性  

Source Apportionment and Optical Properties of Fine Particles Associated with Regional Pollution in the Yangtze River Delta

作　　者：夏丽[1,2] 朱彬[1,2] 王红磊[1] 康汉青[1] XIA Li;ZHU Bin;WANG Hong-lei;KANG Han-qing(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education(KLME),Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC),Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Experimental Teaching Center for Meteorology and Environment,Special Test Field of National Integrated Meteorological Observation,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室,气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开发实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学大气与环境实验教学中心,国家综合气象观测专项试验外场,南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第2期556-563,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0602003);国家自然科学基金项目(41575148)。

摘　　要：为研究长三角地区细颗粒物污染的分布特征及其光学特性,选择在城市(苏州)、郊区(南京)和区域背景站(临安)同时进行PM_(2.5)采集并进行化学分析.这次污染过程中,苏州、南京和临安的PM_(2.5)平均浓度分别达到(169.8±56.5)、(169.9±51.2)和(154.0±54.9)μg·m^(-3).散度系数分析显示3个站点气象要素和PM_(2.5)化学成分的差异较小,PM_(2.5)污染呈现同步性和区域化特征.利用化学成分法估算的消光系数在苏州、南京和临安分别是(561±223)、(655±340)和(679±349) Mm^(-1),与能见度法估算的消光系数之间相关度较高(r为0.73~0.80).利用PMF模型解析PM_(2.5)的污染来源,二次硝酸(32%)和二次硫酸(25%)的占比最大,其次是生物质燃烧(16%)、不完全燃烧源(7%)、燃料燃烧(7%)、土壤地壳源(8%)和海洋源(5%).对PM_(2.5)消光系数的主要贡献源是二次生成的硝酸硫酸源、不完全燃烧和生物质燃烧源.与质量浓度的源贡献相比,二次硝酸硫酸源的占比降低了约4%,不完全燃烧源的贡献增加了5%,说明PM_(2.5)的各类源对其质量浓度和消光系数的贡献效率存在差别.In order to study the distribution and optical characteristics of fine particulate matter pollution in the Yangtze River Delta,PM_(2.5) samples were collected and analyzed from city(Suzhou),suburb(Nanjing),and regional background monitoring stations(Lin’an). The average concentrations of PM_(2.5) in Suzhou,Nanjing,and Lin’an were(169. 8 ± 56. 5),(169. 9 ± 51. 2),and(154. 0± 54. 9) μg·m^(-3),respectively. There was little difference in meteorological conditions and the chemical composition of PM_(2.5) among the three sites,and PM_(2.5) pollution showed significant synchronization and regionalization characteristics. The extinction coefficients estimated using a chemical component method for Suzhou,Nanjing,and Lin’an are(561 ± 223),(655 ± 340),and(679 ± 349)Mm^(-1),respectively. There is strong correlation between the extinction coefficients estimated by the chemical component method and those estimated by a visibility-based method(r0. 73-0. 80). Using a PMF model to analyze the PM_(2.5) sources,secondary nitrate sources(32%) and secondary sulfate sources(25%) accounted for the largest proportions followed by biomass combustion(16%),incomplete combustion(7%),fuel combustion(7%),soil crusts(8%),and marine sources(5%). The primary sources of the extinction coefficients of PM_(2.5) are secondary nitrate and sulfate sources,incomplete combustion,and biomass combustion. Compared with the source contribution of mass concentrations,the proportion of secondary nitrate and sulfate sources decreased by approximately 4% and the proportion of the incomplete combustion source increased by 5%. These results show that there are differences in the contributions of various PM_(2.5) source according to mass concentrations and extinction coefficients.

关 键 词：长三角 细颗粒物 气象要素 消光系数 来源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]