黄土高原多次刈割提高长叶车前的产草量和营养品质  

Multiple mowing improves the yield and nutritional quality of Plantago lanceolata on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：姜玮琦 杨天辉[1,2] 侯扶江 JIANG Weiqi;YANG Tianhui;HOU Fujiang(Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730020,Gansu,China;Institute of Animal Science,Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Ningxia,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第2期251-260,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：教育部创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R50);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009);甘肃省退牧还草科技支撑(2019001)。

摘　　要：车前(Plantago asiatica)饲用品质高,能提高反刍动物的蛋白利用率。为此在黄土高原开展两年的田间试验,研究长叶车前(P.lanceolata)在多次刈割(模拟轮牧)和一次刈割(收获干草)两种利用方式下牧草产量和营养品质。结果表明:多次刈割下粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量和产量均高于一次刈割,而中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的含量和产量均低于一次刈割(P<0.05)。多次刈割的车前产草量随着生长时间的延长和≥0℃积温增加呈上升趋势,而粗蛋白、粗脂肪等含量呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。利用生长时间和≥0℃积温,建立了预测长叶车前品质和产量的线性和Logistic模型,≥0℃积温2069~2984℃是长叶车前产量和品质形成较为关键的时期,研究区对应的生长时间为102~161 d。研究结果可为黄土高原栽培草地的管理和利用提供理论依据。Plantago asiatica has a high feeding quality and can improve the protein utilization rate of ruminants.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted with two utilization modes,multiple mowing(simulated rotational grazing)and once mowing(hay harvesting),to evaluate the dynamics of forage yield and nutrient quality of Plantago lanceolata in typical areas of the Loess Plateau.Compared with once mowing,multiple mowing led to a significant increase in dry matter,crude protein(CP),and ether extract(EE)yields(P<0.05),and a significant decrease in neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)content(P<0.05).The dry matter increased with increasing growth time and accumulated temperature(≥0℃)by multiple mowing.However,there were significant negative linear relationships between CP,EE content,and growth time,and accumulated temperature(≥0℃;P<0.05).Based on the growth time and accumulated temperature≥0℃,the predictive models(linear and logistic models)showed that for forage yield and quality,the critical accumulated temperature(≥0℃)was 2069~2984℃,and the corresponding growth time in the study area was 102~161 d.This study provides a theoretical basis for the management and utilization of cultivated grasslands on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：轮牧 干草 生长时间 ≥0℃积温 粗蛋白 代谢能 食物当量 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]