2011-2018年甘肃省祁连山-阿尔金山喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫流行特征分析  

Analysis of the plague epidemic characteristics in the natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2018

作　　者：徐大琴[1] 席进孝[1] 王鼎盛[1] 王平贵[1] 王世明[1] 苗克军[1] 吴斌[1] 郭丽民[1] 穆洮霞[1] Xu Daqin;Xi Jinxiao;Wang Dingsheng;Wang Pinggui;Wang Shiming;Miao Kejun;Wu Bin;Guo Limin;Mu Taoxia(Plague Prevention and Control Department,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心鼠疫防制科,兰州730020

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2021年第2期137-141,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：甘肃省卫生行业科研计划管理项目(GWGL2014-72)。

摘　　要：目的掌握甘肃省祁连山-阿尔金山喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫流行特征,为结合当地实际,创新开展鼠疫防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性研究,收集2011-2018年甘肃省鼠疫自然疫源地监测数据(来源于甘肃省疾病预防控制中心疫情监测档案、网络直报信息)。采用描述性流行病学方法,分析2011-2018年甘肃省祁连山-阿尔金山喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地的鼠疫流行特征,包括宿主动物分布情况、鼠疫菌的病原学及血清学检测结果、人间鼠疫流行特征等。结果2011-2018年,甘肃省祁连山-阿尔金山喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地总平均獭密度为0.21只/hm_(2),其中天祝县平均獭密度最高,为0.58只/hm_(2);嘉峪关市平均獭密度最低,为0.01只/hm_(2)。疫源地内共分离鼠疫菌381株,其中分离自人尸4株、宿主动物298株、染疫媒介79株;分离菌株前3位的县(市)依次为阿克塞县(38.85%,148株)、肃北县(31.50%,120株)、玉门市(16.27%,62株)。共检测旱獭血清6860份、犬血清1769份,F1抗体阳性率分别为2.70%(185/6860)、8.42%(149/1769);动物材料814份,F1抗原阳性率为4.30%(35/814)。共发生人间鼠疫4起,发病4人,死亡4人;其中3起发生在肃北县、1起在玉门市;发病月份分别为7、9、11、12月,主动接触牧羊犬等染疫动物是主要感染途径,外来放牧雇工为重点职业人群。结论甘肃省祁连山-阿尔金山喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物间疫情活跃,且各地区鼠疫疫情呈现不同流行状态;应采取因地制宜、分类指导的防控措施严防鼠疫的发生和传播。Objective To understand the plague epidemic characteristics in the natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province,and to provide scientific basis for innovative prevention and control of the plague in combination with local conditions.Methods A retrospective study was used to collect the monitoring data of the natural foci of plague in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2018(from the epidemic surveillance files of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gansu Province and direct network reporting information).Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the plague epidemic characteristics of natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2018,including the distribution of host animals,pathogenic and serological testing of the plague bacteria,and the epidemic characteristics of human plague.Results From 2011 to 2018,the total average marmot density in the natural foci of the Qilian Mountains-A-erh-chin Mountains Himalayan marmot plague in Gansu Province was 0.21/hm_(2),of which Tianzhu County had the highest average marmot density of 0.58/hm_(2),and Jiayuguan City had the lowest average marmot density of 0.01/hm_(2).A total of 381 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated in the foci,of which 4 were isolated from human corpses,298 were host animals,and 79 were infectious vectors.Among them,the top 3 counties(cities)of isolated strains were Aksai County(38.85%,148 strains),Subei County(31.50%,120 strains)and Yumen City(16.27%,62 strains).A total of 6860 marmot serum,1769 dog serum were tested,the F1 antibody positive rates were 2.70%(185/6860),8.42%(149/1769);and the F1 antigen positive rate of 814 animal materials was 4.30%(35/814),respectively.There were 4 times of human plague,4 cases occurred and 4 cases died;3 times occurred in Subei County and 1 time in Yumen City.The onset months were July,September,November and December.Active contact with infected animals such as shepherd dogs w

关 键 词：鼠疫(耶尔森氏)杆菌 数据分析 流行特征 喜马拉雅旱獭 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]