安徽省畜禽养殖粪尿及养分含量时空分布特征  

Spatial and temporal distribution features of livestock and poultry manure and nutrient content in Anhui Province

作　　者：张靖雨[1,2] 汪邦稳 袁先江[1,2] 龙昶宇 ZHANG Jing-yu;WANG Bang-wen;YUAN Xian-Jiang;LONG Chang-yu(Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Bengbu 230022,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources,Bengbu 230022,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,安徽蚌埠230022 [2]水利水资源安徽省重点实验室,安徽蚌埠230022

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2021年第2期295-304,共10页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：安徽省重点研发计划项目(1804b06020346);安徽省水利科技项目(slkj2019-06);安徽省·水利部淮委水科院科技创新基金项目(KY201908)。

摘　　要：为探讨畜禽养殖业不断发展带来的粪便、尿液及养分排放问题,基于安徽省2009—2018年畜禽养殖数据,采用排泄系数法估算畜禽粪尿排放量及其主要污染物含量的变化,分析了安徽省不同种类畜禽养殖粪尿养分时空格局及演化特征。结果表明,安徽省粪尿排放量由2009年的5 597.1万t上升至2015年的6 337.5万t,后下降至2018年的4 511.0万t。家禽粪便、猪粪中TN、TP、COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N含量占全省比例较高,而牛尿中污染物含量最低,2018年猪粪中COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N含量占比较2011年有所升高。全省畜禽养殖污染物排放量在空间分布上总体呈由北向南递减的规律,阜阳市粪尿排放量全省最高,2011年达923.5万t。皖北地区猪粪中的TP、NH_3-N及COD_(Cr)含量较高,皖南地区各类污染物中家禽粪便占比较大,此外牛尿污染物含量显著低于其他粪尿。随着省内畜禽污染防治力度不断加大,2018年全省粪污排放量显著下降,在推进产业结构调整时应侧重生猪和家禽的粪污控制工作。This study was performed to explore the emission problems of livestock manure and nutrient caused by continuous development of livestock and poultry production.Based on the 2009—2018 statistics of livestock breeding in Anhui Province,an excretion coefficient was used to estimate the quantity of livestock manure and content of the main pollutants.In addition,time and spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of different types of manure were explored in the province.The results showed that the quantity of livestock manure increased from 55.97 million tons in 2009 to 63.38 million tons in 2015 and then decreased to 45.11 million tons in 2018.The contents of TN,TP,CODCr,and NH3-N in poultry and pig manure accounted for a high proportion in the whole province,while the content of pollutants in cattle urine accounted for the lowest.After 2018,the contents of CODCr and NH3-N in pig manure increased compared with those in 2011.Spatial distribution of livestock and poultry pollutant emissions in different cities showed a decreasing trend from north to south.The manure and urine discharge in Fuyang City accounted for the highest proportion in the whole area,reaching 9.235 million tons in 2011.The contents of TP,CODCr,and NH3-N in pig manure in northern Anhui Province were higher than those in other areas,and the content of various pollutants in poultry manure accounted for the largest proportion in southern Anhui Province.In addition,the pollutants content in cattle urine was significantly lower than those in other manure.Owing to the increasing efforts to prevent and control livestock and poultry pollution in the province,the discharge of fecal pollution in the whole province decreased significantly in 2018.Therefore,the control of pig and poultry manure should be paid additional emphasis,especially when promoting the adjustment of industrial structure.

关 键 词：畜禽粪污 氮 磷 排放量 时空分布 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]