基于李嘉图贸易模型的中美产业竞争理论与实证分析  

A Theory and Empirical Analysis of Sino-US Industrial Competition Based on Ricardo’s Trade Model

作　　者：周江[1] 胡静锋 宋彦[3] 王晓煊 Zhou Jiang;Hu Jingfeng;Song Yan;Wang Xiaoxuan

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院 [2]中国民用航空飞行学院 [3]美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校 [4]四川省区域科学学会

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2021年第1期79-95,共17页Macroeconomics

基　　金：2020年国家自然科学基金面上项目“高质量发展战略下我国制造业升级的内生机理及推进机制研究”(批准号:72073100)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文基于垄断竞争市场,引入生产率因子构建李嘉图模型,分析获得了封闭经济条件下的产业本土出厂价格和开放经济条件下的产业贸易价格。贸易价格为提价率和出厂价格的乘积,而提价率由产品替代弹性、贸易国总消费支出比、出厂价格比、关税等因子综合作用决定。提价率随着贸易国消费支出比的减小而增大,随着贸易国出厂价格比的增大而增大。出厂价格则与生产率成反比,与要素价格成正比。实证分析表明,在2000年到2014年的分析时期内,中国的产业全要素生产率没有显著提高,而要素价格不断提高,美国的轻工业和高端制造业的产业全要素生产率则持续提高,因此相比美国,中国的产业竞争力持续削弱。在中美贸易中,中国在轻工业和部分高端制造业上具有比较优势,而重化工业则不具备比较优势。提升中国产业竞争力的根本动力源是促进生产率不断提高,中国应大力发展具有比较优势的轻工业类型产业和高端制造类型产业,进而带动作为基础产业的重化工业产业发展。Based on the monopolistic competition market,this paper introduces the productivity factor to construct the Ricardo model,and analyzes and obtains the industrial local ex-factory price under the closed economy and the industrial trade price under the open economy.The trade price is the product of the price increase rate and the ex-factory price,and the price increase rate is determined by the comprehensive effects of factors such as product substitution elasticity,total consumption expenditure ratio of trading countries,ex-factory price ratio,and tariffs.The price increase rate increases with the decrease in the ratio of consumption expenditure of trading countries,and increases with the increase of the ex-factory price ratio of trading countries.Ex-factory prices are inversely proportional to productivity and directly proportional to factor prices.Empirical analysis shows that during the analysis period from 2000 to 2014,China’s industrial total factor productivity did not increase significantly,while factor prices continued to rise,while the US’s light industry and high-end manufacturing industries continued to increase in total factor productivity.The industrial competitiveness of the United States and China continues to weaken.In Sino-US trade,China has comparative advantages in light industry and some high-end manufacturing industries,while heavy and chemical industries do not.The fundamental driving force for enhancing China’s industrial competitiveness is to promote the continuous improvement of productivity.China should vigorously develop light industrial and high-end manufacturing industries with comparative advantages,and then drive the development of heavy and chemical industries that are basic industries.

关 键 词：李嘉图模型 比较优势 生产率 产业竞争 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济] F171.2