灌溉量和种植密度互作对春玉米花期光合性能及籽粒产量的影响  

Effect of the interaction between irrigation amount and planting density on flowering photosynthetic performance and the grain yield in spring corn

作　　者：李小忠 孙继颖[1] 高聚林[1] 刘剑 王志刚[1] 胡树平[2] 包海柱[1] 于晓芳[1] 田甜 LI Xiaozhong;SUN Jiying;GAO Julin;LIU Jian;WANG Zhigang;HU Shuping;BAO Haizhu;YU Xiaofang;TIAN Tian(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Salaqi Town 014109,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古萨拉齐镇014109

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2021年第1期23-33,共11页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300802);国家自然科学基金项目(31360304);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-63);农业农村部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站项目(25204120)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确土默特川平原灌区春玉米植株群体冠层高效协调的灌溉量和种植密度互作模式。【方法】以先玉335为试验材料,设置灌溉梯度及种植密度两个试验因素,灌溉量设置正常灌溉(75%田间持水量,S_(1))及中度水分胁迫(45%田间持水量,S_(2))两个水分梯度,种植密度设置7.5万株/hm^(2)(M_(1))和10.5万株/hm^(2)(M_(2))两个密度处理,并于水分胁迫处理后,取样测定土壤物理、化学指标及春玉米叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光动力学参数、叶绿素相对含量、地上部干物质量、籽粒产量,分析灌溉量、种植密度及其互作对春玉米花期植株光合性能及籽粒产量的影响。【结果】与正常灌溉(S_(1))相比,中度水分胁迫(S_(2))显著降低春玉米的籽粒产量、全生育期耗水量(ET)、水分利用效率(WUE)、灌溉水生产效率(IWPE)、干物质积累量(P<0.05);与正常灌溉结合7.5万株/hm^(2)处理(S_(1)M_(1))相比,正常灌溉结合10.5万株/hm^(2)处理(S_(1)M_(2))的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)降低2.859、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)降低0.033、光合性能指数(PI)降低0.882、净光合速率(Pn)降低2.130μmol/(m^(2)·s)、蒸腾速率(Tr)降低1.153μmol/(m^(2)·s)、气孔导度(Gs)降低0.054μmol/(m^(2)·s);叶片水分利用效率(WUEL)随着种植密度的增加表现增加的趋势,与S_(1)M_(1)处理相比,S_(1)M_(2)处理的WUEL增加0.492μmol/mmol;籽粒产量与Fv/Fm、Pn的相关系数分别达到88%和92%,在品种筛选时优先考虑Fv/Fm和Pn。春玉米花期中度水分胁迫及高密度种植可显著降低植株光合性能和籽粒产量(P<0.05)。【结论】土默特川平原灌区春玉米在正常灌溉结合10.5万株/hm^(2)种植密度处理(S_(1)M_(2))下植株群体间协调性能良好,籽粒产量达11507.79 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】To define the interaction model between irrigation amount and planting density of the canopy structure of spring corn population with high efficiency and coordination in the irrigated area of Tumed Plain.【Methods】Xianyu 335 as the test varieties,two test factors of irrigation gradient and planting density were set.Two water gradients,normal irrigation treatment(75%field moisture capacity,S_(1))and moderate water stress(45%field moisture capacity,S_(2))for irrigation amount and two planting density treatments,75000 plants/hm^(2)(M_(1))and 105000 plants/hm^(2)(M_(2))were set in the study.The samples were taken after water stress treatment to determine soil physical index,chemical index,spring corn leaf photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,relative content of chlorophyll,dry matter accumulation above the ground,and grain yield.The effects of irrigation amount,planting density and their interaction on flowering photosynthetic performance and grain yield of spring corn were analyzed.【Results】Compared with normal irrigation treatment(S_(1)),moderate water stress(S_(2))significantly could reduce grain yield,water consumption(ET)of whole growth period,water use efficiency(WUE),irrigation water production efficiency(IWPE),dry matter accumulation(P<0.05).Compared with the treatment of normal irrigation combined with 75000 plants/hm^(2)(S_(1)M_(1)),in the treatment of normal irrigation combined with 105000 plants/hm^(2)(S_(1)M_(2)),the relative content of chlorophyll(SPAD)decreased by 2.859,the maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)decreased by 0.033,the photosynthetic index(PI)decreased by 0.882,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased by 2.130μmol/(m^(2)·s),the transpiration rate(Tr)decreased by 1.153μmol/(m^(2)·s),and the stomatal conductance(Gs)decreased by 0.054μmol/(m^(2)·s).Leaf water use efficiency(WUEL)showed an increasing trend with the increase of planting density.Compared with S_(1)M_(1),WUEL of S_(1)M_(2) increased by 0.492μmol/mmol;the correlation co

关 键 词：春玉米 灌溉量 种植密度 光合性能 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]