大兴安岭南麓不同栽培模式对大豆生长发育的影响  

Effects of different cultivation patterns on soybean growth and development in the southern foothills of Daxing′Anling

作　　者：廉博[1] 王雪娇 苏二虎 赵晓宇 李金龙 陈广平[4] 贾利敏 李强 LIAN Bo;WANG Xuejiao;SU Erhu;ZHAO Xiaoyu;LI Jinlong;CHEN Guangping;JIA Limin;LI Qiang(Hulun Buir Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Hailar District 021008,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Arun Banner,Naji Town 162750,China;Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Nierji Town 162850,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔市农业技术推广服务中心,内蒙古海拉尔区021008 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]阿荣旗农牧业局,内蒙古那吉镇162750 [4]莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古尼尔基镇162850

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2021年第1期40-46,共7页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古自治区应用技术研究与开发资金项目(2019GG338);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019MS03006,2020MS03094);内蒙古自治区人才开发基金项目。

摘　　要：【目的】明确内蒙古大兴安岭南麓大豆最佳栽培模式,为该地区大豆密植栽培提供技术支持和理论依据。【方法】以蒙豆13号为试验材料,于2017—2019年设置大豆大垄高台垄上三行(110 cm大垄,RBH),垄上三行窄沟密植(65 cm垄上三行,RNC),垄三栽培(65 cm垄上双行,CK)3种栽培模式进行试验,分析大豆农艺性状、SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质积累量与产量要素指标,并进行投入产出核算,计算增效增收情况。【结果】各处理间大豆营养生长天数、生殖生长天数、生育期与主茎节数差异不显著(P>0.05),株高、底荚高度均表现为RNC>RBH>CK,有效分枝数表现为CK显著高于RNC、RBH处理(P<0.05)。SPAD值随着生育期的递进逐渐增加,表现为RBH>RNC>CK;开花期(R2)、结荚期(R4)、鼓粒期(R6),RBH处理SPAD值显著高于RNC、CK处理(P<0.05),RBH处理3年较CK分别增加了9.3%、7.0%、8.6%。叶面积指数随着生育期的递进逐渐增加,在鼓粒期达到最大值,而后逐渐下降,表现为RNC>RBH>CK,RNC处理叶面积指数增加效果最显著。干物质积累量随着生育期的递进逐渐增加,表现为RBH>RNC>CK。单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重表现为RBH>CK>RNC。百粒重差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同栽培模式大豆理论产量和实际产量均表现为RBH>RNC>CK,各处理间差异显著(P<0.05);2019年RBH处理大豆理论产量与实际产量增加最显著,较RNC、CK处理分别增加665.2、403.0 kg/hm^(2)。不同栽培模式收入情况表现为RBH>RNC>CK,RBH、RNC处理较CK平均增幅分别为18.00%、2.67%,平均增收1392.0、190.4元/hm^(2)。【结论】内蒙古大兴安岭南麓大豆增产增效最佳栽培模式为大垄高台垄上三行(110 cm大垄,RBH)栽培模式。【Objective】In order to clarify the best cultivation pattern of soybean in the southern foothills of Daxing′Anling in Inner Mongolia,and provide technical support and theoretical basis for soybean dense-planting cultivation in this area.【Methods】In 2017—2019,Mengdou No.13 was used as material,and three cultivation patterns of soybean were set as experimental treatments:planting on wide and high ridge,and three rows of ridge(110 cm wide ridge,RBH),three rows of narrow furrow and dense-planting of ridge(three rows on 65 cm ridge,RNC),and three rows of ridge cultivation(double rows on 65 cm ridge,CK).The agronomic characters,SPAD value,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield index of soybean were analyzed,the efficiency and income were calculated through the input-output accounting.【Results】There was no significant difference in nutrient growth days,reproductive growth days,growth period and nodes number of main stem among the treatments(P>0.05).The plant height and bottom pod height were RNC>RBH>CK.The effective branch numbers of CK was significantly higher than that of RNC and RBH(P<0.05);SPAD value showed RBH>RNC>CK and increased gradually with growth period.At flowering period(R2),pod setting period(R4)and seed filling period(R6),SPAD value of RBH was significantly higher than RNC and CK(P<0.05).Compared with CK,SPAD value of RBH increased 9.3%,7.0%and 8.6%respectively in 3 years.Leaf area index(LAI)increased gradually with growth period,maximum value of LAI reached at seed filling period,and then decreased gradually,the results showed RNC>RBH>CK and RNC increased LAI most significantly.Dry matter accumulation as RBH>RNC>CK and increased gradually with growth period.Pod number per plant,seed number per plant and seed weight per plant showed RBH>CK>RNC.No significant difference for 100 seed weight(P>0.05).The theoretical yield and actual yield of soybean under different cultivation patterns showed RBH>RNC>CK,and there were significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05).The the

关 键 词：大豆 栽培模式 农艺性状 干物质积累量 叶面积指数 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]